汉语儿童的语音意识特点及阅读能力高低读者的差异

选取小学３,４,５年级儿童各２０名作为被试,系统探讨了儿童汉语普通话的音节意识、首音韵脚意识和音位意识的特点及发展,根据老师的评价把被试分为好的读者和差的读者。研究结果表明,语音意识测验成绩随年级的增长而提高;音节意识与首音一韵脚意识先于音位意识而发展;好、差读者在语音意识测验成绩上差异显著,而且,年级差异与好、差读者差异的程度和趋势是一致的,好、差读者在语音意识发展的速度上是不同的。     

爬行经验对婴儿迂回行为发展的影响

该研究旨在探讨个体早期第一种自主位移动作－爬行的经验对迂回行为这一重要空间认知能力发展的和用及其特点。     

A Gibbs sampler for the multidimensional four-parameter logistic item response model via a data augmentation scheme

The four-parameter logistic (4PL) item response model, which includes an upper asymptote for the correct response probability, has drawn increasing interest due to its suitability for many practical scenarios. This paper proposes a new Gibbs sampling algorithm for estimation of the multidimensional 4PL model based on an efficient data augmentation scheme (DAGS). With the introduction of three continuous latent variables, the full conditional distributions are tractable, allowing easy implementation of a Gibbs sampler. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the proposed method and several popular alternatives. An empirical data set was analysed using the 4PL model to show its improved performance over the three-parameter and two-parameter logistic models. The proposed estimation scheme is easily accessible to practitioners through the open-source IRTlogit package.     

From teachers’ implicit theories of intelligence to job stress: The mediating role of teachers’ causal attribution of students’ academic achievement

To better understand the cognitive antecedents of teachers’ stress in the school setting, the effects of teachers’ beliefs regarding intelligence and their causal attributions of students’ academic performance on teachers’ job stress were examined in the current study. We recruited 271 teachers who voluntarily filled out an anonymous questionnaire. Findings demonstrated that teachers who endorsed the entity theory of intelligence tended to attribute students’ poor performance to students’ inability but not lack of effort. Results showed a positive relationship between teachers’ fixed view of intelligence and job stress, and this relationship was mediated by teachers’ attributing students’ poor performance to students’ lack of ability, even after controlling for teacher efficacy. We suggest to promote the psychological health of teachers by incorporating intelligence mindset and attribution training programs in preservice teacher education, professional development, and cognitive behavioral stress intervention for in-service teachers.     

Structural priming from simple arithmetic to Chinese ambiguous structures: evidence from eye movement

Cognitive Processing - This article explores the domain generality of hierarchical representation between linguistic and mathematical cognition by adopting the structural priming paradigm in an...     

定长CD-CAT中两种新的题目曝光控制方法

提出了两种适用于定长CD-CAT的题目曝光控制方法（HIRP、HIRT）,这些方法在保证较高分类准确率的同时还有较合理的题目曝光率,新方法由二分化方法和RP及RT方法进行结合并适当调整而得到。模拟研究比较了其与RP、RT、SM、SMIE、RHA和SDBS的表现,结果表明: （1）HIRP的分类准确率和题目曝光率均好于SM、SMIE和SDBS;（2）HIRT的题目曝光率较RP、SM、SMIE、RHA和SDBS稍差,但分类准确率更高;（3）HIRP的分类准确率低于RT和RP,但题目曝光控制要更好。     

汉赋与易学

两汉时期,易学与赋体文学的发展是相伴而行、相互促动、相得益彰的。当时不少士人既是赋作家．又是易学家、思想家,其易学思想和成就在其辞赋作品中同样有所反映。汉赋中所见易学史料甚多,其中在贾谊、扬雄、班固、张衡等人的赋休作品中表现得尤为突出。     

初中生有无插图课文的眼动过程研究

本研究使用美国应用科学实验室(ASL)生产的4200R型眼动仪,采用2×2的二因素混合设计,对30名初中二年级学生阅读有无插图且难易不同的课文的阅读理解指标和眼动指标进行考察,结果表明(1)初中生阅读有无插图课文的成绩、时间和速度等阅读理解指标,插图课文显著优于无图课文,插图对课文的阅读理解整合具有明显地促进作用;而且注视次数和回视次数等眼动指标插图课文亦显著优于无图课文.(2)初中生阅读易课文的成绩、时间和速度等阅读理解指标不仅显著优于难课文,而且注视次数、眼跳距离和回视次数等眼动指标易课文亦显著优于难课文.     

2PL模型的两种马尔可夫蒙特卡洛缺失数据处理方法比较

马尔科夫蒙特卡洛（MCMC）是项目反应理论中处理缺失数据的一种典型方法。文章通过模拟研究比较了在不同被试人数,项目数,缺失比例下两种MCMC方法（M-H within Gibbs和DA-T Gibbs）参数估计的精确性,并结合了实证研究。研究结果表明,两种方法是有差异的,项目参数估计均受被试人数影响很大,受缺失比例影响相对更小。在样本较大缺失比例较小时,M-H within Gibbs参数估计的均方误差（RMSE）相对略小,随着样本数的减少或缺失比例的增加,DA-T Gibbs方法逐渐优于M-H within Gibbs方法     

小学四、五年级数学诊断性测验的编制——基于规则空间模型的方法

基于规则空间模型, 以小学四、五年级数学诊断性测验的编制为例, 探索了认知诊断理论背景下诊断性测验的编制方法。研究发现, 基于规则空间模型编制的诊断性测验具备优良的信效度, 尤其在结构效度上具有突出优势。应用该测验对1059名四、五年级学生进行诊断测验的结果显示:在整体上, 学生对整数、初级运算与应用掌握得较为巩固, 对量、统计、规律、高级运算掌握较差;在发展趋势上, 量、统计、规律、高级运算是四、五年级之间进步最快的属性。