Intrapersonal and Ecodevelopmental Factors Associated with Smoking in Hispanic Adolescents

We examined how relationships among intrapersonal (i.e., attitudes and beliefs about smoking) and ecodevelopmental (i.e., family, school, and peer) factors influence risk for lifetime smoking in immigrant Hispanic adolescents. Our sample was comprised of 223 immigrant Hispanic adolescents and their families and was drawn from 3 middle schools in a single school district. Data collected is a result of adolescent and parent completed questionnaires as well as county school data (i.e., GPA, teacher reported effort and conduct, absences). Results indicated only poor school functioning, peer smoking, and lack of perceived harm concerning smoking were directly related to adolescent lifetime smoking. Poor school functioning and peer smoking mediated the relationship between family functioning and adolescent smoking. Implications of these results for the design of smoking preventive interventions for immigrant Hispanic adolescents are discussed.     

国内留守儿童研究综述

对国内近二十年来关于留守儿童研究进行综述,概括了至今为止取得的研究成果,以期能为今后研究提供一些有价值建议。从留守儿童概念、生存状况、受教育状况、心理健康状况以及对留守儿童问题对策与建议进行分别概括,提出了现阶段研究存在的一些问题,对今后留守儿童的研究提出了一些看法与建议。     

Way of post-confucianism: Transformation and genealogy

After Neo-Confucianism, the study of contemporary Confucianism became more diverse. Its original uniformity was replaced by diversity. During this time, however, Post-Confucianism became increasingly prominent. Post-Confucianism comes from a post-modernist context and was influenced by a post-modernist ideological mode, and so its appearance was inevitable. It was also closely linked to significant philosophical issues after the change in times, and therefore questioned and challenged Neo-Confucianism which was based on a pattern of modernity. Post-Confucianism represents a new trend in the contemporary development of Confucianism. From a cultural point of view, this essay systematically investigates three internationally renowned schools of Post-Confucianism and their backgrounds, noting their similarities and differences, examining their significance, and determining their meaning. By doing so, it intends to outline an intelligible framework for this academic trend and highlight the significance of Post-Confucianism for the development of contemporary Confucianism.     

The brain is not single-minded about inflectional morphology: A response to the commentaries

Jaeger is supportive of our experiment and the claims we make, arguing that the weight of current evidence shows the brain making a distinction between regular and irregular inflectional morphology. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen are unsupportive, criticizing our work on theoretical and methodological grounds. Seidenberg & Arnoldussen’s major worries—that we have misunderstood connectionist theory’s predictions and have committed a “Difficulty Matching Error” in testing them—are important to consider but turn out to be groundless. At bottom, Seidenberg & Arnoldussen fail to recognize the consequences of our choice of German words, rather than English, as stimuli. Once the concept of “difficulty” is given substance in this context, it appears that in German, the brain activates more extensively when dealing with what in the connectionist universe should be, if anything, the easier stimuli, not the harder ones as suggested by Seidenberg & Arnoldussen. Thus regularity cannot be reduced to difficulty.     

不同呈现方式和难度影响图文课文即时加工的研究

采用ASL—4200R型眼动仪,对28名小学五年级学生阅读图文课文的眼动过程进行考察,结果表明：(1)不同呈现方式课文的阅读成绩具有非常显著差异,图文课文化于文字课文;(2)不同呈现方式课文的注视次数、注视频率、眼跳距离和回视次数存在显著差异,图文课文显著少于或低于文字课文,而注视点持续时间则相反;(3)不同难度课文的眼动指标,文字课文只有注视次数一项眼动指标具有显著差异,而图文课文有注视频率和回视次数二项眼动指标具有显著差异。     

注意在内源性眼跳计划中的作用

该文对自 2 0世纪 80年代以来有关注意在内源性眼跳计划中作用的研究所取得的进展做了简要概述 ,主要讨论了以下三个问题 :(1 )眼跳前是否存在注意的转移 ;(2 )注意转移位置与眼跳位置是否一致 ;(3 )注意的性质对内源性眼跳与注意关系的影响。最后作者指出了以往研究范式存在的问题 ,并对研究范式的改进提出了建议。     

When technology tells you how you drive––truck drivers’ attitudes towards feedback by technology

Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settings, but cannot easily be extended to commercial driving. For considerable periods of working time, truck drivers are alone, and do not interact with peers. It might be possible to use data gathered by new in-vehicle technology to provide real-time and post-shift feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. This paper reports the results of focus group interviews conducted with subject matter experts from the trucking industry (truck drivers, supervisors, managers, and other involved persons, such as insurance industry safety professionals). The focus groups discussed safety critical behaviors in commercial driving, the best way to provide feedback to truck drivers, and benefits of feedback by technology as well as concerns drivers and operators may have regarding monitoring and feedback systems. The focus group discussions showed that, in general, drivers would like to receive more feedback and that feedback by technology is acceptable, if designed and implemented properly. In addition, the participants had many suggestions on how to properly design and implement such systems.     

自传体记忆的研究

自传体记忆是人类记忆研究中的一个新领域．．本文介绍了有关自传体记忆的早期研究、自传体记忆的组织结构以及自传体信息的提取,并简评了自传体记忆的有关理论：复制理论、图式化理论、结构重建和部分重建理论。     

我国中学语文和历史教学目标分类取向的研究

本研究采用文献研究法,查阅了2000年以来中学语文和历史教案共303篇,对教案中教学目标的相关信息作点计数据处理,并进行卡方检验,结果表明:⒈近几年来我国中学语文和历史教学绝大多数采用布卢姆的教育目标分类取向;⒉两者的教学目标侧重于认知领域;⒊两者在认知和情感领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏低,在动作技能领域的目标要求学生达到的水平偏高;⒋中学历史教学目标中对动作技能领域的理解有偏差;⒌两者在认知和情感领域的教学目标陈述时用词单一或含糊,而动作技能领域教学目标的陈述较清晰。研究结果提示,提高广大一线教师有关教学目标的分类理论及科学地运用教学目标的陈述技术仍有很长的路要走。