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81.
Lois A. Benishek Kimberly C. Kirby Karen Leggett Dugosh Tanya M. Faranda-Diedrich 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(1):33-46
The Significant Other Survey (SOS) is a semi-structured interview designed to measure the multidimensional problems experienced by family members with a substance abusing loved one. This article describes the development of the SOS and its psychometric properties based on data obtained from significant others of 110 substance abusing adults. Interrater and test-retest reliability estimates were within acceptable ranges, adequate internal consistency was demonstrated for six of seven problem domains, and the problem domains were low to moderately correlated with each other. Issues related to future instrument development and the utility of the SOS for both family practitioners and researchers are described. 相似文献
82.
Cognitive theories of emotion propose that the interpretation of emotion-eliciting situations crucially shapes affective responses. Implicit or automatic biases in these interpretations may hinder emotion regulation and thereby increase risk for the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders. In this study, participants were randomly assigned to a positive or negative interpretation bias training using ambiguous social scenarios. After the completion of the training, a stress task was administered and changes in positive and negative affect and self-esteem were assessed. The results demonstrate that the interpretation bias training was successful in that participants exhibited a tendency to interpret novel scenarios in accordance with their training condition. Importantly, the positive training condition also had a protective effect on self-esteem. Participants in this condition did not exhibit a decrease in self-esteem after the stress task, whereas participants in the negative condition did. These results demonstrate that implicit cognitive biases can be trained and that this training affects self-esteem. Implications of these findings for research on psychopathology and emotion regulation are discussed. 相似文献
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84.
Suzet Tanya Lereya Catherine Winsper Nicole K. Y. Tang Dieter Wolke 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2017,45(1):193-206
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and nightmares, are commonly associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adulthood. Whether nightmares and sleep-onset and maintenance problems predate BPD symptoms earlier in development is unknown. We addressed this gap in the literature using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants included 6050 adolescents (51.4 % female) who completed the UK Childhood Interview for DSM-IV BPD at 11 to 12 years of age. Nightmares and sleep onset and maintenance problems were prospectively assessed via mother report when children were 2.5, 3.5, 4.8 and 6.8 years of age. Psychopathological (i.e., emotional temperament; psychiatric diagnoses; and emotional and behavioural problems) and psychosocial (i.e., abuse, maladaptive parenting, and family adversity) confounders were assessed via mother report. In logistic regressions, persistent nightmares (i.e., regular nightmares at 3 or more time-points) were significantly associated with BPD symptoms following adjustment for sleep onset and maintenance problems and all confounders (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.62; 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 2.32). Persistent sleep onset and maintenance problems were not significantly associated with BPD symptoms. In path analysis controlling for all associations between confounders, persistent nightmares independently predicted BPD symptoms (Probit co-efficient [β] = 0.08, p = 0.013). Emotional and behavioural problems significantly mediated the association between nightmares and BPD (β =0.016, p < 0.001), while nightmares significantly mediated associations between emotional temperament (β = 0.001, p = 0.018), abuse (β = 0.015, p = 0.018), maladaptive parenting (β = 0.002, p = 0.021) and subsequent BPD. These findings tentatively support that childhood nightmares may potentially increase the risk of BPD symptoms in early adolescence via a number of aetiological pathways. If replicated, the current findings could have important implications for early intervention, and assist clinicians in the identification of children at risk of developing BPD. 相似文献
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86.
Nicole M. Rodriguez Rachel H. Thompson Tanya Y. Baynham 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(1):143-147
The current study presents a method for assessing the relative effects of attention and escape on noncompliance in preschoolers. Attention and escape conditions were alternated in a multielement design, and a contingency reversal procedure, in which one test condition served as a control for the other, was used to demonstrate control. For all 3 participants, noncompliance was maintained, at least in part, by social attention. Functional analyses of noncompliance such as the one described here may be valuable for developing function‐based treatments. 相似文献
87.
Eric A. Storch Michael J. Larson Lisa J. Merlo Mary L. Keeley Marni L. Jacob Gary R. Geffken Tanya K. Murphy Wayne K. Goodman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):111-120
This study explored the impact of comorbidity on symptom severity and treatment outcome in a sample of 75 pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) patients. Forty received cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, 56% had a comorbid disorder. Results
revealed that youth with comorbid disorders (anxiety or otherwise) endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than youth
with OCD only. Youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety exhibited more severe OCD symptoms than youth
with OCD alone or an anxiety-only comorbidity. Youth in the comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety group had the
poorest CBT response relative to the other groups. These results suggest that relative to those with OCD alone or with an
anxiety disorder comorbidity, youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety have a differing clinical presentation
(e.g., more severe symptoms) and worse psychotherapy outcome.
相似文献
Eric A. StorchEmail: |
88.
T. Chris Riley-Tillman Sandra M. Chafouleas Amy M. Briesch Tanya L. Eckert 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(4):313-327
More than ever, educators require assessment procedures and instrumentation that are technically adequate as well as efficient
to guide data-based decision making. Thus, there is a need to understand perceptions of available tools, and the decisions
made when using collected data, by the primary users of those data. In this paper, two studies that surveyed members of the
National Association of School Psychologists with regard to two procedures useful in formative assessment, (i.e., Daily Behavior
Report Cards; Systematic Direct Observation), are presented. Participants reported greater overall levels of training and
use of Systematic Direct Observation than Daily Behavior Report Cards, yet both techniques were rated as equally acceptable
for use in formative assessment. Furthermore, findings supported that school psychologists tend to make similar intervention
decisions when presented with both types of data. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
89.
Listeners are faced with enormous variation in pronunciation, yet they rarely have difficulty understanding speech. Although much research has been devoted to figuring out how listeners deal with variability, virtually none (outside of sociolinguistics) has focused on the source of the variation itself. The current experiments explore whether different kinds of variation lead to different cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Specifically, we compare adjustments to the same acoustic consequence when it is due to context-independent variation (resulting from articulatory properties unique to a speaker) versus context-conditioned variation (resulting from common articulatory properties of speakers who share a dialect). The contrasting results for these two cases show that the source of a particular acoustic-phonetic variation affects how that variation is handled by the perceptual system. We also show that changes in perceptual representations do not necessarily lead to changes in production. 相似文献
90.