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91.
Suzet Tanya Lereya Catherine Winsper Nicole K. Y. Tang Dieter Wolke 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2017,45(1):193-206
Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and nightmares, are commonly associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adulthood. Whether nightmares and sleep-onset and maintenance problems predate BPD symptoms earlier in development is unknown. We addressed this gap in the literature using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants included 6050 adolescents (51.4 % female) who completed the UK Childhood Interview for DSM-IV BPD at 11 to 12 years of age. Nightmares and sleep onset and maintenance problems were prospectively assessed via mother report when children were 2.5, 3.5, 4.8 and 6.8 years of age. Psychopathological (i.e., emotional temperament; psychiatric diagnoses; and emotional and behavioural problems) and psychosocial (i.e., abuse, maladaptive parenting, and family adversity) confounders were assessed via mother report. In logistic regressions, persistent nightmares (i.e., regular nightmares at 3 or more time-points) were significantly associated with BPD symptoms following adjustment for sleep onset and maintenance problems and all confounders (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.62; 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 2.32). Persistent sleep onset and maintenance problems were not significantly associated with BPD symptoms. In path analysis controlling for all associations between confounders, persistent nightmares independently predicted BPD symptoms (Probit co-efficient [β] = 0.08, p = 0.013). Emotional and behavioural problems significantly mediated the association between nightmares and BPD (β =0.016, p < 0.001), while nightmares significantly mediated associations between emotional temperament (β = 0.001, p = 0.018), abuse (β = 0.015, p = 0.018), maladaptive parenting (β = 0.002, p = 0.021) and subsequent BPD. These findings tentatively support that childhood nightmares may potentially increase the risk of BPD symptoms in early adolescence via a number of aetiological pathways. If replicated, the current findings could have important implications for early intervention, and assist clinicians in the identification of children at risk of developing BPD. 相似文献
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93.
Nicole M. Rodriguez Rachel H. Thompson Tanya Y. Baynham 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(1):143-147
The current study presents a method for assessing the relative effects of attention and escape on noncompliance in preschoolers. Attention and escape conditions were alternated in a multielement design, and a contingency reversal procedure, in which one test condition served as a control for the other, was used to demonstrate control. For all 3 participants, noncompliance was maintained, at least in part, by social attention. Functional analyses of noncompliance such as the one described here may be valuable for developing function‐based treatments. 相似文献
94.
Eric A. Storch Michael J. Larson Lisa J. Merlo Mary L. Keeley Marni L. Jacob Gary R. Geffken Tanya K. Murphy Wayne K. Goodman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):111-120
This study explored the impact of comorbidity on symptom severity and treatment outcome in a sample of 75 pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) patients. Forty received cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, 56% had a comorbid disorder. Results
revealed that youth with comorbid disorders (anxiety or otherwise) endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than youth
with OCD only. Youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety exhibited more severe OCD symptoms than youth
with OCD alone or an anxiety-only comorbidity. Youth in the comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety group had the
poorest CBT response relative to the other groups. These results suggest that relative to those with OCD alone or with an
anxiety disorder comorbidity, youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety have a differing clinical presentation
(e.g., more severe symptoms) and worse psychotherapy outcome.
相似文献
Eric A. StorchEmail: |
95.
T. Chris Riley-Tillman Sandra M. Chafouleas Amy M. Briesch Tanya L. Eckert 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(4):313-327
More than ever, educators require assessment procedures and instrumentation that are technically adequate as well as efficient
to guide data-based decision making. Thus, there is a need to understand perceptions of available tools, and the decisions
made when using collected data, by the primary users of those data. In this paper, two studies that surveyed members of the
National Association of School Psychologists with regard to two procedures useful in formative assessment, (i.e., Daily Behavior
Report Cards; Systematic Direct Observation), are presented. Participants reported greater overall levels of training and
use of Systematic Direct Observation than Daily Behavior Report Cards, yet both techniques were rated as equally acceptable
for use in formative assessment. Furthermore, findings supported that school psychologists tend to make similar intervention
decisions when presented with both types of data. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
96.
Listeners are faced with enormous variation in pronunciation, yet they rarely have difficulty understanding speech. Although much research has been devoted to figuring out how listeners deal with variability, virtually none (outside of sociolinguistics) has focused on the source of the variation itself. The current experiments explore whether different kinds of variation lead to different cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Specifically, we compare adjustments to the same acoustic consequence when it is due to context-independent variation (resulting from articulatory properties unique to a speaker) versus context-conditioned variation (resulting from common articulatory properties of speakers who share a dialect). The contrasting results for these two cases show that the source of a particular acoustic-phonetic variation affects how that variation is handled by the perceptual system. We also show that changes in perceptual representations do not necessarily lead to changes in production. 相似文献
97.
98.
Within the context of an experimental analysis, the current study examined the effects of student- and empirically-selected interventions on the mathematics computational fluency of three elementary-aged students. For all of the participants, the empirically-selected intervention resulted in higher levels of computational fluency then the student-selected intervention. These results suggest that empirically-selected interventions may enhance the mathematics computational fluency of students experiencing mathematics problems. However, individual responsiveness to empirically-selected interventions suggests the importance of conducting brief experimental analyses to determine the most efficacious intervention. The implication of these results for intervention selection and incorporating choice-making opportunities into academic interventions are discussed. 相似文献
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100.
Jonathan Ling Tanya C. Burton Julia L. Salt Steven J. Muncer 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2009,100(3):539-552
The psychometric properties of the systemizing quotient (SQ) developed by Baron‐Cohen (2003) are investigated in three studies. Furthermore, we examine the notion that the ability to systemize should be independent of intelligence. In Studies 1 and 2, confirmatory factor analyses are used to examine the factor structure of the SQ. Study 3 examines the relationship between systemizing, mental rotation and intelligence. Studies 1 and 2 indicate that the SQ does not possess a unifactorial structure but is best considered as four related factors; Study 3 found that SQ was not related to intelligence, although mental rotation was. A four factor structure using fewer items was a better fit for the data than either the original version of the SQ or Wakabayashi et al.'s (2006) revised version. Overall these results support Baron‐Cohen's view that SQ is not related to intelligence. Although mental rotation is correlated to SQ, it is not the main determinant of SQ. The problems of self‐report measures are discussed along with the difficulties related to measuring systemizing. 相似文献