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171.
Kerry R. McGannon Tanya R. Berry Wendy M. Rodgers John C. Spence 《Qualitative research in psychology》2016,13(2):188-207
Despite the importance of critical media work, much is to be learned about breast cancer representations within media discourses and the implications for women’s identity construction. Building on research from Australia from a discursive perspective, this article used an eclectic approach to critical discourse analysis to explore the cultural construction of breast cancer in 25 detailed stories within Canada’s two national newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post. Ten images accompanying stories and 17 advertisements/public service announcements were also analyzed to contextualize discourses and subject positions/identities within the stories. Analysis of this media affords the unique opportunity to explore taken for granted assumptions and prevailing meanings about breast cancer and the implications for subjectivity. Two primary discourses were identified: a discourse of biomedicine and a discourse of healthism. Subject positions identified included “breast cancer survivor,” “the good consumer,” and the “medical expert.” The psychological, social, political, and health promotion implications are discussed. 相似文献
172.
Continuity theory provides a rationalization for understanding older adult friendships. Older adults do not have to anticipate disengagement but can exercise their choice to actively participate in establishing and maintaining friendship structures. The role of friend is one a person can choose to maintain. Friendships are dynamic and progress on a continuum with beginnings, periods of endurance and change, and endings. Continuity theory provides ways to understand why particular people have developed and adapted distinct friendship and social support networks. This insight provides social service professionals, gerontologists, and family members ways to enable older adults to remain in their communities longer and maintain support stability. 相似文献
173.
An interesting phenomenon in human speech perception is the trading relation, in which two different acoustic cues both signal the same phonetic percept. The present study compared American English, Spanish, and monkey listeners in their perception of the trading relation between gap duration andFl transition onset frequency in a syntheticsay-stay continuum. For all the subjects, increased gap duration caused perception to change fromsay tostay; however, subjects differed in the extent to which theFl cue traded with gap duration. For American English listeners, a change from a low to a highF1 onset caused a phoneme boundary shift of 26 msec toward shorter gap durations, indicating a strong trading relation. For Spanish listeners, the shift was significantly smaller at 13.7 msec, indicating a weaker trading relation. For monkeys, there was no shift at all, indicating no trading relation. These results provide evidence that thesay-stay trading relation is dependent on perceptual learning from linguistic exposure. 相似文献
174.
Tanya L. Chartrand Amy N. Dalton Gavan J. Fitzsimons 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2007,43(5):719-726
Individuals nonconsciously and unintentionally pursue goals they associate with relationship partners (
[Fitzsimons and Bargh, 2003] and [Shah, 2003]). Here, we demonstrate conditions under which individuals nonconsciously and unintentionally reject goals they associate with relationship partners and instead pursue opposing goals. In Experiment 1, participants were subliminally primed with the name of a controlling significant other who had a particular goal for them. Without awareness or intent, participants pursued a goal that directly opposed their significant other’s wishes. In Experiment 2, chronic reactance was shown to moderate this effect: Low-reactant individuals adopted a subliminally primed significant other’s goal, whereas high-reactant individuals pursued an opposing goal. This research suggests that in response to controlling significant others and among chronically reactant individuals, the nonconscious activation of relational representations can automatically elicit oppositional goal pursuits, even when pursuit of an oppositional goal results in a personally suboptimal outcome. 相似文献
175.
Tanya Wright Suzanne Stevens Peter W. Reed Trecia A. Wouldes 《Infant mental health journal》2020,41(6):770-782
Mother–Baby Unit research has focussed on maternal psychopathology over the course of an admission. Less is known about the baby's well-being, the shared relationship, or the mother's recovery. In an initial sample of 45 women, we describe discharge and post-discharge outcomes for maternal psychopathology (using maternal report and the Global Assessment of Function, GAF) and the mother–infant relationship (using the Child and Adult Relational Experimental Index, CARE Index). Three months post-discharge, one third of women described themselves as “completely recovered,” one third were experiencing significant deterioration and 17% were readmitted to inpatient care. Poorer GAF scores were associated with a clinical diagnosis of comorbid personality disorder, antenatal presence of the index illness, partner illicit substance use, maternal perception of her bond, infant social withdrawal, and child protection concern. Post-discharge, the mother–infant relationship results were concerning. Only 17% were regarded as adequate. Improvement was observed across this period in 56% but relational deterioration occurred for 35%. Maternal and relational outcomes were weakly correlated at discharge (r² = 0.29, p = 0.07) but this was lost post-discharge (r² = 0.03, p = 0.89). The shared relationship and infant mental health should both be targets for intervention; both during MBU admission, and post-discharge. 相似文献
176.
Michele Cooley-Strickland Tanya J. Quille Robert S. Griffin Elizabeth A. Stuart Catherine P. Bradshaw Debra Furr-Holden 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):127-156
Community violence is recognized as a major public health problem (WHO, World Report on Violence and Health,
2002) that Americans increasingly understand has adverse implications beyond inner-cities. However, the majority of research on
chronic community violence exposure focuses on ethnic minority, impoverished, and/or crime-ridden communities while treatment
and prevention focuses on the perpetrators of the violence, not on the youth who are its direct or indirect victims. School-based treatment and preventive interventions are needed for children at elevated risk for exposure to community violence.
In preparation, a longitudinal, community epidemiological study, The Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence (MORE) Project, is being fielded to address some of the methodological weaknesses presented in previous studies. This study was designed
to better understand the impact of children’s chronic exposure to community violence on their emotional, behavioral, substance
use, and academic functioning with an overarching goal to identify malleable risk and protective factors which can be targeted
in preventive and intervention programs. This paper describes the MORE Project, its conceptual underpinnings, goals, and methodology,
as well as implications for treatment and preventive interventions and future research. 相似文献
177.
Robin S. Codding Tanya L. Eckert Erica Fanning Maria Shiyko Esther Solomon 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(2):125-141
The purpose of this study was to compare the isolated effects of cover-copy-compare (CCC) with the combined effects of CCC
and two types of performance feedback (i.e., digits correct and incorrect per minute) on sixth grade students’ mathematics
fluency and accuracy. An alternating treatments design was employed to compare treatments across 16 weeks. Participants included
three general education sixth grade students whose teachers recommended them for additional help with mathematics calculation.
No differentiation between treatments was demonstrated for any of the participants and individual differences pertaining to
the number of sessions needed to reach and consistently perform at mastery levels were found. Follow-up data at 4 and 12 days
following termination of the intervention phase indicated that all participants continued to perform at mastery levels. Generalization
to a slightly more difficult mathematics skill yielded pre-intervention to post-intervention increases, albeit small. Students
rated all three treatment conditions favorably. 相似文献
178.
Relationships Between Men’s and Women’s Body Image and Their Psychological, Social, and Sexual Functioning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was designed to examine the relationships between different aspects of body image and psychological, social, and sexual functioning throughout adulthood. The respondents were 211 men and 226 women (age range 18–86 years; mean = 42.26). Respondents completed measures of self-rated attractiveness, body satisfaction, body image importance, body image behaviors, appearance comparison, social physique anxiety, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and social and sexual functioning. Body image was associated with self-esteem for all groups, but was unrelated to other aspects of psychological, social, and sexual functioning. There were some exceptions; a disturbance in body image was related to problematic social and sexual functioning among middle-aged men and to depression and anxiety symptoms in late adulthood among men and women. Middle-aged men who presented with the type of body image disturbance typical of women were more likely to have impaired interpersonal functioning. These results demonstrate that social aspects of body image appear to be important in understanding psychological functioning in later life. 相似文献
179.
Tanya L. Chartrand 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2005,15(3):203-210
Consumer behavior can be influenced by mental processes that occur outside of conscious awareness. It is argued that in each domain of automaticity, researchers should specify the aspects of which consumers are presumably unaware. Three types of awareness are identified. These include awareness of (a) the environmental features that trigger an automatic process, (b) the automatic process itself, and (c) the outcome of that automatic process. Individuals may be unaware of one or more of these stages, thereby making the process nonconscious. With additional clarity regarding which aspects are nonconscious in which domains and the specific role that awareness plays, we can begin building a more comprehensive model of nonconscious processes in consumer behavior. 相似文献
180.