解析城市中学生的消费心理与消费行为

城市中学生所接受的教育、所处的校园环境以及该年龄特殊的心理特征等因素使得这一阶段的个体有着特殊的消费心理和消费行为。对他们的消费心理和消费行为进行研究,提出相应的建议及对策,是有现实意义的。本文对当代城市中学生的消费水平、消费方式、消费心理的特点及其影响因素作了分析讨论并提出干预的对策。     

归属需要的研究进展

归属需要的概念经历长时间的演化和发展,并有其进化的心理机制。自Baumeister在1995年提出归属需要作为人类的基本动机后,归属需要与认知,情感和行为的相关研究也得到发展,部分结论得到进一步的证实,但也出现不一致的研究结果。同时也开始了对归属需要与行为后果之间内部过程的探讨。对归属需要的测量主要采用量表法,但未出现一个统一的测量工具,易造成测量的差异,剥夺归属需要的研究常采用实验法,未来的研究可注重提高其生态效度。     

The Influence of Emotional Dissonance on Subjective Health and Job Satisfaction: Testing the Stress–Strain–Outcome Model

We adopted the stress–strain–outcome model ( Koeske & Koeske, 1993 ) to examine the influence of work stressors on subjective health and job satisfaction among Chinese service employees. Two independent studies were reported. In the first study, 271 employees provided cross‐sectional data on work characteristics, emotional dissonance, work strain, and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling showed that work characteristics were related to emotional dissonance, which, in turn, was associated with work strain, with the latter eventually predicting job satisfaction. Study 2 was a 3‐month longitudinal survey with a separate sample of 155 call‐center and retail‐shop representatives. Longitudinal data showed that emotional dissonance at Time 1 significantly predicted work strain at Time 2, which predicted job satisfaction at Time 2.     

“如果P,那么Q,……?”─—儿童充分条件假言演绎推理能力发展初探

以日常生活事件为内容的三套测验题探查了9－15岁儿童充分条件假言推理能力的发展。研究发现被试有关能力的发展可以区分出三种不同水平;儿童对充分条件假言推理规则的掌握没有固定的难易顺序,这取决于课题任务的性质和主体思维发展水平。研究还探查了发展的个体内部差异和个体之间的差异以及影响差异的各种内外因素。     

类比推理的影响因素及脑生理基础研究

类比推理是不同于演绎,也不同于归纳的一种独立的推理形式。作为人类认知发展的中心能力之一,类比推理已逐渐成为当代认知研究的一个活跃领域。研究表明类比推理不仅受顺序、因果结构、上下文连贯性等项目特征的影响,并且与加工速度、工作记忆等其它认知能力有密切关系。有关类比推理的神经影像研究则主要发现大脑左半球前部和后部区域的参与,似可进一步从脑生理水平表明类比推理与工作记忆存在密切关系。     

默读汉字词的脑功能偏侧化成像研究

采用读词名的方法 ,对 12名正常大学生 ,运用功能性磁共振成像技术 (fMRI) ,研究了汉字词及假词视觉识别时的脑功能偏侧化现象。实验结果表明 ,汉字词激活左下额区 (BA4 5 )以及右颞叶 (BA2 1、2 2 )、右枕叶 (BA18) ,而假词除额区外表现出广泛的激活。此结果显示除左脑半球与汉字词加工密切相关外 ,右脑半球在汉字词加工中有一定参与但其确切作用有待进一步研究     

韦克斯勒儿童智力量表中国修订版(WISC-CR)上海市区常模(WISC-CRs)制订报告

本研究是在WISC-CR的基础上制订的上海地区(市区)常模,代表我国经济文化较高的大城市水平。常模样组为6至16岁学龄儿童共660人。常模形式是:(1)各年龄组的《与原始分等值的量表分》;(2)《与量表总分等值的IQ分》(本文略)。 本常模经信度、效度检验,表明WISC-CR是适合测量中国学龄儿童的智力量表。 论文还分析了本样组与美国WISC-R样组在分测验上的差异。     

Could sex difference in color preference and its personality correlates fit into social theories? Let Chinese university students tell you

The unclear picture of the sex difference in color preference might result from personality variations. We invited 359 Chinese university students (166 men and 193 women) to undergo a color preference test and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), a five-factor model test. Depressive trends were measured by the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP). There was no significant difference between men and women regarding either ZKPQ or PVP scale scores. However, men preferred blue and green significantly more, and their preference order of yellow was negatively correlated with ZKPQ Sociability. Women preferred purple, pink and white significantly more, their preference order of gray was positively correlated with Neuroticism-Anxiety, and the order of orange negatively with Aggression-Hostility. Our results suggest that, partly from a biological layout, men as hunters and women as gatherers prefer some different colors on the one hand, but from a social structural layout, they might try to adjust some personality traits by preferring other colors on the other, in order to attain a sex-equality but polychromatic world.     

Gorbachev's performance at the Washington summit: An ideological dilemma

Studies in East European Thought -