Parental Support for Autonomy and Child Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Parent–Child Attachment

To facilitate understanding of the factors associated with child depressive symptoms in middle childhood, we examined the roles of parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment in child depressive symptoms among 150 Chinese parent–child dyads. The participating children’s ages ranged from 6 to 12 years old. Parental support for autonomy was coded from a conflict resolution and a cooperation task. Children reported their depressive symptoms and their attachment relationships with the participating parents. After controlling for parent depressive symptoms, parental support for autonomy was associated with fewer child depressive symptoms. The association between parental support for autonomy and child depressive symptoms was mediated by parent–child attachment quality, suggesting that parental support for autonomy was negatively associated with child depressive symptoms through its positive association with parent–child attachment quality. Moreover, the positive association between parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment quality was stronger for older children. The current study expanded the knowledge on parental support for autonomy in middle-childhood and its association with parent–child relationships and child mental health. Future research is encouraged to pay more attention to the role of parental support for autonomy in various aspects of child development for children in middle-childhood and pre-adolescence.     

Young Children's Reports of When Events Occurred: Do Event Type and Assessment Method Matter?

Studying young children's reporting about when various events occurred informs about the development of episodic memory and metacognition. In two experiments, 55 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children participated in two activity sessions, a week apart. During the activity sessions, they learned novel animal facts and body movements, and they coloured animal pictures and posed for body movement photos. Immediately after the second activity session, children were interviewed about when they experienced the various events. Overall, children were as accurate about learning events as physical events, but they were more accurate when asked temporal distance (e.g. ‘Which did you learn a longer time ago, “X” or “Y”?’) than temporal location questions (e.g. ‘Which did you learn before today, “X” or “Y”?’). The results suggest that young children's apparent difficulty recognizing new learning is not due to a rapid ‘remember‐to‐know shift’. Rather, the way we ask young children about when they experienced various events determines their accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The temporal dynamics of detached versus positive reappraisal: An ERP study

Detached reappraisal and positive reappraisal are regarded as two distinct types of cognitive reappraisal strategy, and the former is considered more disengaging than the latter. The conceptual framework of emotion regulation choice posits that strategies involving disengagement operate earlier and more efficiently than engagement strategies. Here, we compare for the first time the temporal dynamics of detached and positive reappraisal during the regulation and re-exposure phases thereof by measuring event-related potentials. During the regulation phase, pictures were viewed or regulated using detached or positive reappraisal. During the re-exposure phase, the same pictures were viewed again. Results showed that during regulation, central-parietal late positive potentials (LPPs) were greatly attenuated under both strategy types, with the regulation effect of detached reappraisal occurring earlier than that of positive reappraisal and resulting in a stronger attenuation of LPP amplitudes. Upon re-exposure, detached reappraisal exerted enduring effects on self-reported arousal and the central-parietal LPP, whereas positive reappraisal had an enduring effect only on pleasantness. These findings demonstrate the differential effects of detached and positive reappraisal on valence, arousal, and neural responses, and underline the striking differences in the temporal dynamics of these reappraisal strategies.     

北京中学生的消费价值观与消费行为

对北京青少年的消费价值观和消费行为进行了探索性研究 ,被试为 13～ 19岁中学、职高及技校在校各年级学生 4193人 (男 10 86人 ,女 2 387人 ) ,用自编的中学生消费问卷、青少年亲子关系问卷、个人主义 -集体主义量表进行集体施测。因素分析结果表明 ,消费价值观包含保持勤俭传统、追求现代生活和消费压力 3个因素 ,北京大多数中学生的消费价值观是倾向于保持勤俭传统 ,贫富差距和消费能力的差距对大多数中学生来说没有构成压力。因素分析结果将青少年的消费行为分为谨慎型、流行型、实际型和攀比型 4种消费行为类型 ,谨慎型消费是北京中学生消费行为的主流。消费价值观与消费行为之间有着特定的关系。根据消费社会化理论对影响青少年消费价值观和行为的因素进行了分析 ,结果表明家庭社会经济地位和亲子关系都对青少年的消费模式产生影响。     

Young children's reports of when learning occurred

This study investigated young children's reports of when learning occurred. A total of 96 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds were recruited from suburban preschools and elementary schools. The children learned an animal fact and a body movement. A week later, children learned another animal fact and another body movement and then answered questions about when the different learning events occurred. Responses of children who responded correctly to control questions about time supported the hypothesis that temporal distance questions would elicit more correct responses than would temporal location questions. Partial support was also found for the hypothesis that behavior learning would generate more correct reports than would fact learning. Implications for characterizations of children's developing understanding of knowledge and for applications of those characterizations in education and eyewitness testimony are discussed.     

语句中协同发音对音节知觉的影响

采用音节相似度听辨实验,以大学生为被试,对音节间协同发音现象所引起的音节知觉差异进行了考察,结果发现：音节之间的协同发音影响音节音段内容的变化,而这种变化主要取决于相邻前音节末尾韵母部分的差异,以及相邻后音节首辅音发音部位的差异;对于发音相同、语境不同的音节,音节在超音段内容变化所引起的知觉效应明显大于协同发音引起的知觉效应     

中国儒家传统金融伦理思想初探

本文试图探讨儒家的金融伦理思想。文章认为:儒家由人性自利的基础出发,强调金融合理的自然主义立场;由此进一步导出仁义为本的民本主义;智勇兼重的理性精神;礼让为先的合作精神等主要金融伦理原则。这些原则与诚信原则、互利互惠原则、节俭原则等一起构造了中国古代金融伦理体系。我们应该积极有效地从这些资源中吸取养料,在改造发展的原则下为建设适应社会主义市场经济制度的崭新的金融体系而努力。     

图像中的信仰与信仰中的图像——藏传佛教六道轮回图释义

宗教图像把经验与超验、真实与虚幻、欲望与禁忌等二元对立要素组织在同一观照过程中,并通过价值联想的方式构建一个经验事实。这种价值联想是对观视者自身在社会化过程中所习得经验的组织、提炼与整合。宗教图像把语言构造的教义理念的核心部分,物质化地凝固在一个有限的、可感知的局部空间中,让信众在知觉图像的过程中感受宗教,以直观生动的方式来引导和教化信众。而作为宗教信仰的象征符号,任何一个宗教图像都可能面对两种潜在的观众:信仰者和非信仰者。从非信仰者的角度审视宗教图像,人们依托的是自己特定的知识经验背景和以往世俗生活意义进行注解,寻找其宗教学线索和宗教艺术品的审美感受,而对于信仰者而言,每一个图像的知觉都试图唤起其内心的感验与参悟,即体验和拥有宗教。本文以藏传佛教六道轮回图为例,通过投射分析,说明宗教图像在两类不同观者内心唤起的不同心理释义过程,从一个侧面也反映出宗教图像教化功能的社会心理机制。     

儒道合作 共建和谐世界

春秋战国时期,是社会大变革,生产大发展的时期,也是中华文化辉煌灿烂的时期。这个时期涌现出了一批文化哲人,孔