工作记忆对类比推理的影响

该实验采用2(类比推理类型)×6(组别)双因素实验设计来探讨工作记忆与类比推理之间的关系,尤其关注工作记忆的各个子成分对类比推理的影响。控制组的被试只需完成类比推理测验,而实验组的被试是在双任务的条件下进行实验。结果表明,工作记忆是影响类比推理的一个重要因素。在图形类比推理中,主要有视空间模板中的空间成分,语音回路中的发音成分以及中央执行器的参与;在言语类比推理中,则是视空间模板中的空间成分起主要作用。     

气质和儿童同伴交往类型关系的研究

该文采用问卷法和社会测量法相结合的方法,以班级为单位对484名3~9岁儿童的气质和同伴关系类型的关系进行研究。结果表明:3~9岁儿童同伴关系类型已形成分化,其中被忽视儿童和被拒绝儿童所占总体样本的比例分别为16.9%和9.6%,比例较高值得重视。儿童气质对同伴交往类型的形成影响很大,四种同伴关系交往类型在气质各维度上方差检验都达到了差异显著,有着明显不同的气质特点。     

从银雀山汉简看王念孙对《晏子春秋》的校勘

王念孙《读书杂志》对于古籍的校勘,历来受到学者们的推崇,但一些具体结论也多有争议。由于70年代山东银雀山出土的汉简中有一部分是《晏子春秋》,我们可以通过对比看王念孙校勘的成就与局限。     

It’s not only Work and Pay: The Moderation Role of Teachers’ Professional Identity on their Job Satisfaction in Rural China

All professions include work and pay and some prior studies have pointed to the role that professional identity might play in the relationship between work conditions and job satisfaction. Based on data collected from rural teachers in mainland China, this study used two-level modelling to examine the moderating effects of teacher’s professional identity (TPI) on their job satisfaction. Our research findings confirm that longer work hours, larger class size, and lower perception of income status are significantly associated with lower levels of job satisfaction, and TPI can moderate the negative effects caused by work hours and income status.

     

初中教师教学有效性评价问卷的编制:以学生为评价主体的视角

在教学有效性的框架下,从学生评价的视角,编制了《初中生评价教师教学有效性问卷》。首先,在理论研究的基础上,通过项目的收集,结构化问卷调查,项目的重要性分析三个过程形成初测问卷。然后,进行初测问卷的施测,通过区分度分析和验证性因素分析删除项目,最终形成《初中生评价教师课堂教学效果问卷》的正式问卷。最后,对所编制的问卷的心理测量学指标进行了检验,结果表明该问卷具有良好的结构效度、交叉效度和较高的内部一致性信度。     

资本逻辑与理性的自我分裂

对于现代性的矛盾,西方许多思想家都把其根源归结为理性的自我分裂。在马克思主义的视域中把握现代性的理性分裂,重要的一点,是透过马克思所发现的资本逻辑来审视理性在现代社会发展进程中的生成与蜕变。启蒙理性从自我解放、自我实现走向自我逆转、自我毁灭的辩证法根植于资本的矛盾逻辑。资本逻辑在推动理性化蓬勃发展的同时,也埋下了理性自我分裂的种子,诱发了理性化进程的全面逆转。在资本逻辑的要求下,理性发生自我分裂,片面发展为"工具理性",蜕化为"经济理性",并进一步逆转为"反理性",最终蜕变为对人类自身进行支配的"权力"。由此,理性的自我分裂便构成了现代性矛盾的重要因素。     

原发性开角型青光眼局部药物治疗的比较及决策最优化

通过对目前治疗原发性开角型青光眼局部降眼压药物的作用机制、治疗效果、不良反应、药品价格及使用方便程度进行综合的比较分析,运用比较治疗学的理论和方法来指导和规范该类青光眼局部药物治疗的临床决策,以期提高治疗效果、减少并发症、降低费用及提高患者的生存质量。     

The time course of anticipatory constraint integration

Several studies have demonstrated that as listeners hear sentences describing events in a scene, their eye movements anticipate upcoming linguistic items predicted by the unfolding relationship between scene and sentence. While this may reflect active prediction based on structural or contextual expectations, the influence of local thematic priming between words has not been fully examined. In Experiment 1, we presented verbs (e.g., arrest) in active (Subject–Verb–Object) sentences with displays containing verb-related patients (e.g., crook) and agents (e.g., policeman). We examined patient and agent fixations following the verb, after the agent role had been filled by another entity, but prior to bottom-up specification of the object. Participants were nearly as likely to fixate agents “anticipatorily” as patients, even though the agent role was already filled. However, the patient advantage suggested simultaneous influences of both local priming and active prediction. In Experiment 2, using passive sentences (Object–Verb–Subject), we found stronger, but still graded influences of role prediction when more time elapsed between verb and target, and more syntactic cues were available. We interpret anticipatory fixations as emerging from constraint-based processes that involve both non-predictive thematic priming and active prediction.     

贝叶斯推理中的“自击中率参照抑制”

本文旨在研究贝叶斯推理中基础比率、击中率起作用的机制。通过设置肝炎情境、中彩情境的贝叶斯推理问题,同时操作基础比率和击中率的水平,考察449名大学生被试的概率估计情况。结果表明,总体上,贝叶斯推理中的基础比率和击中率均起作用,表现为后验概率估计值随基础比率水平的提高而增加,随击中率水平的提高而增加。然而,在低基础比率的中彩情境中,后验概率估计值先随击中率的增加而增加;之后却随击中率水平的继续提高而显著降低,出现自击中率参照抑制。这似乎说明,击中率在贝叶斯推理中并非一致地起作用,而可能与推理者的知识经验对击中率加工的调节有关。