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411.
情绪紧张或应激状态可引起一系列生理生化反应。但是后天的训练和应激经验能否影响这些反应尚所知不多。本实验比较了运动员与非运动员在实验室内完成一复杂辨别反应时,即在与运动无关的应激状态下尿内儿茶酚胺的分泌量、心率、心律、呼吸率和呼吸积分等变化的异同。发现在紧张性作业时运动员尿内几茶酚胺的分泌仅有小量的不显著的增加,而非运动员则有显著增加。运动员和非运动员尿内儿茶酚胺分泌量差别显著。在紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员的心率均有显著增加,R—R间期标准差则均变小。运动员的心率在休息或作业时均比非运动员慢,R—R间期标准差则均大于相应条件下非运动员的。紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员呼吸率均明显增加,作为相对呼吸流量的呼吸积分值均显著下降。运动员的呼吸积分值均低于相应条件下非运动员的,但两组间差异未达显著水平。结果表明后天的训练和应激经验对机体在应激状态下尿内几茶酚胺分泌量、心率、心律、相对呼吸流量等生理反应有不同程度的影响。 相似文献
412.
413.
414.
Perceptual organization and attention 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
It is widely assumed that the grouping of the visual field first described by the Gestalt psychologists and the related phenomenon of texture segregation occur very early in the processing of visual information and involve preattentive processes. All the recent evidence supporting this assumption comes from visual search experiments in which the subject is actively looking for a target and attending to the stimulus. The question at issue is whether these kinds of patterns are perceived under conditions of inattention, i.e., when observers are not searching for them. We performed six experiments to determine whether texture segregation and grouping by similarity or proximity are perceived under conditions of inattention. On the first two trials subjects were asked to report the longer arm of a briefly presented cross which was surrounded by a pattern of ungrouped small elements. On the third trial and subsequent control trials these elements were configured into grouping patterns and subjects queried about them immediately following their line length reports. The results establish that neither texture segregation nor grouping by similarity of lightness or proximity are perceived under conditions of inattention. They support the conclusion that there is an earlier stage of processing than that referred to as preattentive. 相似文献
415.
Study 1 investigated the importance of human needs during peacetime in 1993 using a sample of 137 full-time workers in several
industries in the United States. Study 2 examined the importance of needs in 1990 (retrospective peacetime) and in 1991 (during
the Persian Gulf War)(both measured during the war) using a sample of 564 college students in the United States. In both studies,
two levels of needs (higher-order and lower-order needs) were identified during peacetime. Study 2 revealed that during the
war, all needs were rated as more important and only one factor was identified. During peacetime, the safety of one’s own
life was significantly more important than the safety of the country which was rated as the least important need. During the
war, the safety of the country was as important as the safety of one’s own life. Students who had spouse, family members,
and friends in the Middle East during Desert Storm differed significantly from those who did not in war-related stress and
the importance of several needs. 相似文献
416.
Paul C.L. Tang 《Metaphilosophy》1997,28(4):371-384
I address the problem of whether philosophy can be international by its claim to represent rationality, hence universality. I argue in favor of this claim by focusing on the special logic thesis in Chinese philosophy. This thesis holds that a different type of logic must be used when studying the Chinese texts. I argue at length against the special logic thesis by examining the problem of human nature in the Confucian philosophers Mencius, Hsün Tzu and Kao Tzu. I show how their arguments can be reconstructed as inductive analogical arguments and as deductive argument. I then broaden the notion of the logic of argumentation into a discussion of metaphysical anti-essentialism and underdetermination in order to resolve the problem of human nature and also to show how the same types of logical analysis (more generally construed) can be applied to the arguments from these Confucian philosophers. Under my treatment, Kao Tzu, somewhat surprisingly, turns out to provide the most insight. 相似文献
417.
关于幼儿对损人行为的道德判断及有关情绪预期的初步研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以幼儿易于理解的有关享用财物的小故事,对4、5、6岁儿童作个别随访,综合考察其已获得的道德知识和道德认知的特点,以及相关情绪预期的情况。结果表明:1.幼儿已经获得了有关社会道德的最初步的知识,并能运用这些日常概念水平的知识对行为作道德判断,其道德认知已出现关心他人利益的成分,自我中心主义不突出;2.幼儿假设自己作为损人者的情绪预期与对故事中损人者的情绪预期之间存在明显差异,道德认知与道德情感脱节的现象在前者未有明显表现,却在后者中显现出来。 相似文献
418.
注意对人体大脑听觉诱发电位晚成分的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本工作在尽量减少其它对注意过程可能发生影响的心理因素的实验条件下,于同一组被试同时研究了选择性注意与实验次序对人体大脑听觉诱发电位晚成份的影响。观察到:选择性注意使N_1波与P_2波潜伏期延长,波幅增高;P_3波波幅增高。先试组N_1波潜伏期延长,波幅增高;P_2、N_2、P_3波波幅增高。实验中观察到一些不符合刺激强度规律的现象。对实验结果进行了讨论。 相似文献
419.
根据阅读眼动的实验资料 ,提出脑内信息加工的时间不连续性假说 ,认为脑内加工相继信息间存在暂时性中断。最近观察到的注意间隙现象为这一假说提供了新的实验证据。 相似文献
420.