Investigating sexual harassment in online video games: How personality and context factors are related to toxic sexual behaviors against fellow players

Online video games are social spaces for players from around the world. They use this space to form communities, relationships, and identities. However, gaming communities are not always welcoming, and some are even perceived as being “toxic.” A prevalent issue is online sexual harassment, which is keeping many women from participating in the gaming community. Research on the factors contributing to the problem is limited, though. The present study replicates and expands previous research, using a sample of 856 online gamers. The study supports earlier findings that found hostile sexism and social dominance orientation as predictors of sexual harassment perpetration in online video games. In addition, we expanded the previous research with additional predictors: machiavellianism, psychopathy, and gamer identification predicted higher sexual harassment perpetration. Our results have implications for the gaming community's role in curtailing sexual harassment and making itself a more inclusive community.     

知觉与行为分离现象在二维铁钦纳错觉实验中的验

利用二维铁钦纳错觉图片对单手及双手抓握情境下的知觉与行为分离现象进行实验验证,并探讨注意引导等因素对分离现象的影响。实验包括知觉任务和行为任务两项内容,前者主要测量被试的主观错觉量,后者则探讨分离现象是否存在及其影响因素。在行为任务中,记录被试在中心（目标）圆尺寸“实际相同”和“知觉相同”等不同情境下的行为,以拇指和食指抓握图片中心圆的最大抓握孔径为行为指标。结果发现：单手抓握时,左、右手的行为虽然在一定程度上受到了错觉的影响,但均显示出分离现象;双手抓握时,右手受错觉影响的程度减少,分离现象增强,而左手的结果则比较混淆。因此,分离现象是存在的,但它的出现可能受到注意引导、注意分配倾向或双手协调能力等因素的影响。     

The Effect of Reviewer Profile Photo on Purchase Decision: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using eventrelated potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.     

汉语双音节同音词词汇歧义消解过程的研究

使用跨通道词汇判断任务和语义启动技术,两个实验分别考察了孤立状态下和句子语境中汉语双音节同音词意义通达的情况,结果发现(1)在孤立状态下,无论ISI为0毫秒还是-150毫秒,与同音词主要或次要意义有关的探测词都受到了促进;(2)当ISI为0毫秒时,在语境一致的条件下,与同音词主要或次要意义有关的探测词均受到了促进,在语境不一致的条件下,则未发现任何促进效应;(3)当ISI为-150毫秒时,只是在语境一致并且探测词与同音词的主要意义有关的条件下才观察到促进效应。     

右侧脑发育不全遗忘症患者的启动效应与右侧皮层的分离

采用ＷＭＳ－ＣＲ、ＷＩＳＣ－ＣＲ和４项内隐记忆任务（偏好、自由联想、字根补笔和字辨认）观察一例右侧大脑发育不全患者和两组正常对照的知觉性启动效应和语义性启动效应。发现该患者智力发育迟滞、记忆功能严重障碍,但两种启动效应正常。显示右侧大脑皮层发育不全不影响两种启动效应任务操作,启动效应与右侧大脑皮层分离。不支持Ｋｅａｎｅ等人认为知觉性启动效应的神经学基础在大脑皮层的结论。结合先的研究结果认为知觉性启动效应可能与基底神经节有关,语义性启动效应可能与左侧大脑皮层有关。     

Gender Role Internalization, Multiple Roles, and Chinese Women's Mental Health

The influence of gender role internalization as a moderator in the relationship between women's multiple roles and psychological distress was investigated. Study 1 identified three components of gender role internalization, which were labeled "Traditional Ideal Person,""Self-sacrifice," and "Competence without Complaint," and found that it did not overlap with existing gender-typed measures among 128 female Chinese university students. The multidimensionality of gender role internalization was confirmed in Study 2 among a sample of 225 women in the paid Hong Kong workforce. As expected, role quality was a better predictor of psychological distress than role quantity. Gender role internalization accounted for significant portions of explained variance even after taking role quality into account. Internalization of Traditional Ideal Person and Competence without Complaint messages exacerbated distress in certain areas when role quality was low. However, internalization of Self-Sacrifice messages mitigated distress for Chinese women with low work quality.     

体操运动员应激反应特点的研究

情绪紧张或应激状态可引起一系列生理生化反应。但是后天的训练和应激经验能否影响这些反应尚所知不多。本实验比较了运动员与非运动员在实验室内完成一复杂辨别反应时,即在与运动无关的应激状态下尿内儿茶酚胺的分泌量、心率、心律、呼吸率和呼吸积分等变化的异同。发现在紧张性作业时运动员尿内几茶酚胺的分泌仅有小量的不显著的增加,而非运动员则有显著增加。运动员和非运动员尿内儿茶酚胺分泌量差别显著。在紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员的心率均有显著增加,R—R间期标准差则均变小。运动员的心率在休息或作业时均比非运动员慢,R—R间期标准差则均大于相应条件下非运动员的。紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员呼吸率均明显增加,作为相对呼吸流量的呼吸积分值均显著下降。运动员的呼吸积分值均低于相应条件下非运动员的,但两组间差异未达显著水平。结果表明后天的训练和应激经验对机体在应激状态下尿内几茶酚胺分泌量、心率、心律、相对呼吸流量等生理反应有不同程度的影响。     

气功对老年人性格的影响

用艾森克人格问卷和A型行为类型问卷对122名练气功二年以上60岁以上的老年人及90名60岁以上从未练过气功的正常老人进行了测查。发现气功组神经质得分显著低于对照组。A型行为类型者气功组虽稍低于对照组,但无显著差异。练气功5年以上者A型行为类型得分显著低于练气功2—4年的。上述结果表明气功可能对改善老年人性格中的神经质维度有作用;气功可能会改变A型行为类型,但练功时间至少需5年以上才可能发生改变。