Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of brain glucose metabolic rate (GMR) in normal volunteers report inverse correlations between GMR and scores on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) and verbal fluency. A new study in eight normal men reports widespread significant GMR decreases following learning a complex task (the computer game “Tetris”). The purpose of this study is to ascertain the correlations between GMR changes following learning “Tetris” and psychometric intelligence scores (RAPM and WAIS-R) to determine whether high-ability subjects show the largest GMR decreases, as predicted by a brain efficiency hypothesis. This hypothesis is supported with significant correlations between the magnitude of GMR change and intelligence scores in many brain areas that changed with learning. Some implications for the role of attention, memory, and speed of processing are discussed in view of the specific brain areas involved.     

Sex and age difference in adolescents' value judgements of historically important events: theory, stereotypes and data

The extent to which younger and older adolescents differed in their value judgments of historically important events was examined. Subjects were asked to list the ten most important events that happened in or to the U.S. since 1990. The subjects' choices were analyzed as a function of sex, age, political and religious orientation, and family size. In addition, 100 undergraduates were asked to serve as judges and predict which categories would be cited more frequently by males and which by females. Results indicated that the judges' predictions did not match the data. Age was a much better predictor of value judgments than sex. Further, several additional differences in value judgments were revealed that would have been missed had only the variables of sex and age been included in the analyses.     

心算乘法对脑干听觉电反应的影响

本文对31名听力正常的健康人作了脑干听觉电反应(BSR)描记。21人在记录过程中让其心算乘法,其中16人还令其注意听刺激短声并概算其触发次数。观察到21名心算者的BSR中16人的BSRⅠ波振幅比安静时的减小,20人的BSR出现了一阳性大波,未观察到Ⅰ波振幅增大的。在听短声的16人中未见出现Ⅰ波振幅减小者,且其中4人反而出现了Ⅰ波振幅相对增大,结果表明,心算乘法对BSR有一定影响,分析认为一种是对感受器的负反馈控制,另一种是正反馈控制,而且前者占优势。     

群体隔离对大白鼠行为的影响及其与脑内单胺类神经介质含量的关系

观察表明,群体隔离(10—12周)的大白鼠,在开阔地方的自由活动和杀小鼠行为方面没受到明显影响,但隔离鼠在电击后格斗行为明显地增加了。隔离鼠脑内单胺类种经介质的含量无明显改变。在电击格斗后群居组和隔离组脑内DA含量均明显降低。群居组鼠端脑内NE含量增高,脑干内5-HIAA含量降低,但隔离组无上述改变。隔离鼠在注利血平、电击后格斗行为明显减少。对上述现象进行了讨论。     

Reliabilism and imprecise credences

Philosophical Studies - What is it for an imprecise credence to be justified? It might be thought that this is not a particularly urgent question for friends of imprecise credences to answer. For...     

顾客间互动影响服务品牌象征价值的心理机制

象征价值是品牌赋予消费者的心理收益, 强化服务品牌的象征价值成为企业提升消费者心理满足感的重要途径。鉴于顾客间互动是现有消费心理研究中重要而尚未得到足够重视的研究视角, 研究试图在文献回顾的基础上, 尝试综合运用访谈法和关键事件法, 构建顾客间互动与服务品牌象征价值的影响关系模型; 拟基于人际关系的三维需求理论, 深入挖掘顾客角色内外互动行为与象征价值之间的作用机制。未来的实证研究中拟运用实验和调研等方法对理论模型进行验证, 以期为服务企业激发顾客的象征消费行为提供理论依据。     

The Influence of Gender-related Factors on HIV Prevention among Chinese Women with Disrupted Marital Relationship

Two-hundred-and-thirty-one Chinese women were individually interviewed on their HIV-prevention behavior and gender-related psychosocial factors. Compared to women with intact marriages, women with marital disruption endorsed more inaccurate information about HIV/AIDS, had less worry about contracting HIV from their husbands, and were less likely to use condoms in current and future sexual activities. Among sexually active Chinese married women, rates of condom use in the past 6 months were 60% for the intact group and 38% for the disrupted group. Factors that discriminated between condom non-users and users among sexually active women in the disrupted group included: conservative gender attitudes toward sexuality and sexual decision-making, negative attitudes toward condom use, and lack of concern about contracting HIV from their husbands.     

When employees strike back: investigating mediating mechanisms between psychological contract breach and workplace deviance

In this article, psychological contract breach, revenge, and workplace deviance are brought together to identify the cognitive, affective, and motivational underpinnings of workplace deviance. On the basis of S. L. Robinson and R. J. Bennett's (1997) model of workplace deviance, the authors proposed that breach (a cognitive appraisal) and violation (an affective response) initiate revenge seeking. Motivated by revenge, employees then engage in workplace deviance. Three studies tested these ideas. All of the studies supported the hypothesized relationships. In addition, self-control was found to be a moderator of the relationship between revenge cognitions and deviant acts; the relationship was weaker for people high in self-control.     

毛泽东与农村人民公社所有制及基本核算单位的演变

农村人民公社的所有制及基本核算单位,经历了从人民公社的"一大二公"和大集体所有制,到以生产(大)队为基本核算单位,再到生产小队的部分所有制,最后到以生产小队(又称生产队)为基本核算单位的演变历程.总的趋势是一次比一次更朝着符合生产力发展水平、调动农民群众积极性因而更代表群众利益的方向前进.毛泽东在这个历史演进过程中发挥了主要作用.既要承认毛泽东在大跃进和人民公社化运动中犯了严重的指导思想上的左倾错误,也要看到毛泽东为纠正实际工作中的左倾错误而作出的艰辛努力和重要贡献.力求更客观、全面地评价建国后的毛泽东.     

道家文化精神对山东新时期小说的影响

道家文化偏重于个体精神的超越和自由,在人与社会、人与自然关系上,强调人与自然的一体性,注重人的自然本性,其对于社会文化的批判着重于批判社会文化观念对人的自然本性的异化。道家自然人性论及其对人性异化现象的批判、道家人与自然一体观念对山东新时期小说创作具有重要影响。