Innovation in Technology-Aided Psychotherapy Through Human Factors/Ergonomics: Toward a Collaborative Approach

Technologies are being used increasingly to aid psychotherapy and are becoming an integral part of mental health treatment. Although prior studies compared technology-aided psychotherapy (TAP) to traditional treatments, there are insufficient studies of the impact that specific design parameters and use of the technologies may have on the client and therapist, and treatment outcomes. This requires an understanding of human–technology interaction, which is the focus of the field of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E). The goal of this article is to raise awareness of the importance of the human–technology interaction in TAP, and to foster collaborations between psychotherapists and HF/E professionals. Toward these aims, this article examines the implications of findings in HF/E for the use of technologies (videoconferencing, text-based communication, and virtual environments) in psychotherapy. It is suggested that the manner in which technologies are designed and used may have important effects on the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes, and in some cases (side effects of virtual reality) the health and safety of the client. Future research should examine effects of specific design factors on treatment including variables such as the visibility of gestures and degree of eye contact during videoconferencing, response delays during text-messaging, and presence and adverse effects when using virtual environments. Studies that compare TAP to traditional methods should report as much detail as possible about the human–technology interaction. It is essential that psychotherapists and HF/E professionals conduct research collaboratively to develop effective and innovative technologies and, ultimately, design principles for TAP.     

组织分割供给与工作情绪衰竭的关系:工作心理脱离和工作→非工作冲突的中介作用*

采用问卷调查法,对271名企业管理人员进行调查,探讨了组织分割供给与工作情绪衰竭的关系,以及工作心理脱离和工作→非工作冲突在其中的中介作用。结构方程模型分析表明:(1)组织分割供给不仅可以通过工作→非工作冲突的中介作用负向影响工作情绪衰竭;(2)还可以通过依次影响工作心理脱离和工作→非工作冲突进而负向影响工作情绪衰竭。因此,组织分割供给对个体的非工作角色和工作角色均有积极作用。     

Tunable wave-vector filtering in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by magnetic barriers and δ-doping

We report a theoretical investigation on the control of wave-vector filtering (WVF) in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by realistic magnetic barriers and δ-doping, which can be experimentally realised by depositing a ferromagnetic stripe on the surface of a GaAs/Al_xGa_1?xAs heterostructure and using atomic layer doping. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that a sizeable WVF effect still exists even if δ-doping is introduced into the device. Numerical calculation reveals that the WVF efficiency is related closely to the δ-doping. Thus, the WVF effect in a magnetic nanostructure can be conveniently manipulated by properly adjusting the weight and/or the position of the δ-doping, giving rise to a tunable momentum filter for nanoelectronics applications.     

结构化面试中评分量表对评分准确性的影响

采用2(组内变量:量尺大小(25分和9分))×2(组间变量:评分方法(相对和绝对))的混合实验设计探讨评分量表对115名大学生新手评委评分准确性的影响。对于评分准确性,采用Cronbach1955年提出的四个指标,Elevation(EL)、Differential elevation(DE)、Stereotype accuracy(SA)、Differential Accuracy(DA)。结果发现,评分方法只在SA上主效应显著,量尺大小在只在DA上主效应边缘显著,评分方法和量尺大小在DE、SA和DA三个指标上均有交互作用。总体上看,在结构化面试评分中,对于评分准确性,相对评分量表优于绝对评分量表,小量尺量表优于大量尺量表。     

Sleep Problems in Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and nightmares, are commonly associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adulthood. Whether nightmares and sleep-onset and maintenance problems predate BPD symptoms earlier in development is unknown. We addressed this gap in the literature using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Participants included 6050 adolescents (51.4 % female) who completed the UK Childhood Interview for DSM-IV BPD at 11 to 12 years of age. Nightmares and sleep onset and maintenance problems were prospectively assessed via mother report when children were 2.5, 3.5, 4.8 and 6.8 years of age. Psychopathological (i.e., emotional temperament; psychiatric diagnoses; and emotional and behavioural problems) and psychosocial (i.e., abuse, maladaptive parenting, and family adversity) confounders were assessed via mother report. In logistic regressions, persistent nightmares (i.e., regular nightmares at 3 or more time-points) were significantly associated with BPD symptoms following adjustment for sleep onset and maintenance problems and all confounders (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.62; 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.12 to 2.32). Persistent sleep onset and maintenance problems were not significantly associated with BPD symptoms. In path analysis controlling for all associations between confounders, persistent nightmares independently predicted BPD symptoms (Probit co-efficient [β] = 0.08, p = 0.013). Emotional and behavioural problems significantly mediated the association between nightmares and BPD (β =0.016, p < 0.001), while nightmares significantly mediated associations between emotional temperament (β = 0.001, p = 0.018), abuse (β = 0.015, p = 0.018), maladaptive parenting (β = 0.002, p = 0.021) and subsequent BPD. These findings tentatively support that childhood nightmares may potentially increase the risk of BPD symptoms in early adolescence via a number of aetiological pathways. If replicated, the current findings could have important implications for early intervention, and assist clinicians in the identification of children at risk of developing BPD.     

员工资质过高感知对其创新行为和工作满意度的影响机制

采用问卷调查法,以330名企业员工为调查对象,使用层次回归分析探讨了员工资质过高感知对其创新行为和工作满意度的影响机制。结果表明:(1)员工资质过高感知对其创新行为和工作满意意度具有显著的负向预测作用;(2)心理契约违背在资质过高感知对员工工作满意度的影响过程中起完全中介作用,在资质过高感知对员工创新行为的影响过程中部分中介作用;(3)心理授权在员工资质过高感知通过心理契约违背影响员工工作满意度的过程中起调节作用。     

Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation

Information that initially is presumed to be correct, but that is later retracted or corrected, often continues to influence memory and reasoning. This occurs even if the retraction itself is well remembered. The present study investigated whether the continued influence of misinformation can be reduced by explicitly warning people at the outset that they may be misled. A specific warning— giving detailed information about the continued influence effect (CIE)—succeeded in reducing the continued reliance on outdated information but did not eliminate it. A more general warning—reminding people that facts are not always properly checked before information is disseminated—was even less effective. In an additional experiment, a specific warning was combined with the provision of a plausible alternative explanation for the retracted information. This combined manipulation further reduced the CIE but still failed to eliminate it altogether.     

Prevalence of borderline personality disorder and its clinical correlates in Chinese patients with recent deliberate self-harm

This study examined the point prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and its clinical correlates in patients with recent deliberate self-harm (DSH) in Hong Kong. A representative consecutive sample (n = 160) of patients with DSH referred to Prince of Wales Hospital from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008 was recruited. Their BPD status was determined according to the BPD subscale of the Chinese version of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). The point prevalence of BPD was calculated. Subjects with and without BPD were compared in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Thirty out of 160 (18.8%) DSH patients were found to suffer from BPD. DSH patients with BPD were more likely to be female (p = .020), more often reported history of childhood physical (p = 0.043) and sexual abuse (p < 0.001), history of past DSH (p = 0.010), being younger at first DSH (p = 0.039), and more likely to suffer from current alcohol and substance use disorder (p = 0.043) and eating disorder (p = 0.040) than those without BPD. Being female, having history of childhood sexual abuse and current alcohol and substance use disorder were found to be independent predictors of BPD status by binary logistic regression.     

5.12汶川大地震对灾区大学新生入学后心理状况影响的质性研究——基于四川省某大学个案访谈的分析

了解和掌握来自5.12大地震对灾区大学新生心理状况所产生的影响,为下一步做好做好灾区大学生的工作提供借鉴。方法:以四川省某高校来自灾区的部分新生为研究对象,采用定性分析,以校园生活满意度、校园关爱度、惊恐维度、自信维度等多个研究维度选取了5个对象进行个案访谈。结果汶川大地震对灾区大学新生的心理产生了一定的影响。