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101.
Refeng Tang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2011,6(3):426-442
Ryle’s distinction between knowing that and knowing how has recently been challenged. The paper first briefly defends the
distinction and then proceeds to address the question of classifying moral knowledge. Moral knowledge is special in that it
is practical, that is, it is essentially a motive. Hence the way we understand moral knowledge crucially depends on the way
we understand motivation. The Humean theory of motivation is wrong in saying that reason cannot be a motive, but right in
saying that desire is essential for motivating us. The right response to the Humean theory of motivation is to see that moral
knowledge is desire-related rationality or thought-related desire. Moral knowledge is neither knowing that nor knowing how
but rather a third species of knowledge which we may call “knowing to do.” Knowing to do is to be rationally disposed to do
the right thing. This understanding of moral knowledge is exactly what we can learn from Aristotle’s ethics. 相似文献
102.
Nanotechnology is the new(est) star in the high technologies sky. While nanotechnologies remain technologies of promise and
potential, a growing number of nano-materials and nano-particle-reliant products are being produced. And although a growing
number of academic, policy and industry reports are exploring nanotechnologies, there are very few genuine ethical assessments
of nanotechnologies as they exist and might evolve in the coming years. Many questions have yet to be answered about the nature,
development, and social and commercial deployment of nanotechnologies and what that means for the human condition and the
preservation of our core values. We argue that the early and potentially risky nature of this interdisciplinary science does
not justify a blinkered focus on risk assessment and management to the detriment of deep and ranging ethical evaluations.
Much improved ethics evaluations must be undertaken, particularly in Taiwan where very little has happened despite grand expectations
for, and funding of, the science. In this paper, we uncover the development imperatives for nanotechnologies, demonstrate
the paucity of genuine nanoethics exercises, outline key questions for stakeholders undertaking nanoethics exercises to consider,
and we articulate some preliminary actions for Taiwan (and other similarly situated jurisdictions). 相似文献
103.
This study explores whether and how gratifications and psychological traits impact people's Facebook use. First, a factor analysis of an online survey (N= 437) outlined a unique set of gratifications obtained from the use of Facebook. Six aspects of gratifications (i.e., social surveillance, entertainment, recognition, emotional support, network extension, and maintenance) were identified. Results from regression analyses showed that psychological traits (i.e., collective self-esteem, online emotional openness, and traitlike communication apprehension) were strong predictors of most Facebook gratifications. Additionally, gratifications and, to a lesser extent, psychological traits significantly predicted Facebook usage, both in perceived importance and different indicators in the level of Facebook use. 相似文献
104.
目的:调查并探讨大学生自我同一性状态发展特点。方法:从湖南某大学随机抽取320名大学生,采用王树青等人修订的EOM-EIS-II量表作为测量青少年自我同一性的工具。结果:(1)大学生自我同一性的性别、独生和非独生、城乡的差异比较结果显示,不同性别、独生非独生大学生在自我同一性的一些维度上存在显著差异,而来自城市和来自农村的大学生之间不存在差异;(2)不同年级大学生的同一性状态得分的方差分析结果显示,不同年级大学生在总体获得、总体延缓、总体早闭、意识早闭、人际早闭、人际延缓和人际获得7个维度上差异显著。结论:大学生自我同一性的发展存在一定的不平衡性。 相似文献
105.
Xueying Tang Zhi Wang Jingchen Liu Zhiliang Ying 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2021,74(1):1-33
Computer simulations have become a popular tool for assessing complex skills such as problem-solving. Log files of computer-based items record the human–computer interactive processes for each respondent in full. The response processes are very diverse, noisy, and of non-standard formats. Few generic methods have been developed to exploit the information contained in process data. In this paper we propose a method to extract latent variables from process data. The method utilizes a sequence-to-sequence autoencoder to compress response processes into standard numerical vectors. It does not require prior knowledge of the specific items and human–computer interaction patterns. The proposed method is applied to both simulated and real process data to demonstrate that the resulting latent variables extract useful information from the response processes. 相似文献
106.
107.
Hibbard S Tang PC Latko R Park JH Munn S Bolz S Somerville A 《Journal of personality assessment》2000,75(3):351-372
Thematic Apperception Test (Murray, 1943) responses of 69 Asian American (hereafter, Asian) and 83 White students were coded for defenses according to the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991b) and studied for differential validity in predicting paper-and-pencil measures of relevant constructs. Three tests for differential validity were used: (a) differences between validity coefficients, (b) interactions between predictor and ethnicity in criterion prediction, and (c) differences between groups in mean prediction errors using a common regression equation. Modest differential validity was found. It was surprising that the DMM scales were slightly stronger predictors of their criteria among Asians than among Whites and when a common predictor was used, desirable criteria were overpredicted for Asians, whereas undesirable ones were overpredicted for Whites. The results were not affected by acculturation level or English vocabulary among the Asians. 相似文献
108.
Expressive writing promotes self‐reported physical,social and psychological health among Chinese undergraduates 下载免费PDF全文
Zhihan Yang Xiaoqing Tang Wenjie Duan Yonghong Zhang 《International journal of psychology》2015,50(2):128-134
The present study examines the efficacy of expressive writing among Chinese undergraduates. The sample comprised of 74 undergraduates enrolled in a 9‐week intervention (35 in experimental class vs. 39 in control class). The writing exercises were well‐embedded in an elective course for the two classes. The 46‐item simplified Chinese Self‐Rated Health Measurement Scale, which assesses psychological, physical and social health, was adopted to measure the outcome of this study. Baseline (second week) and post‐test (ninth week) scores were obtained during the classes. After the intervention on the eighth week, the self‐reported psychological, social and physical health of the experimental class improved. Psychological health obtained the maximum degree of improvement, followed by social and physical health. Furthermore, female participants gained more psychological improvement than males. These results demonstrated that the expressive writing approach could improve the physical, social and psychological health of Chinese undergraduates, and the method can be applied in university psychological consulting settings in Mainland China. 相似文献
109.
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