家兔具有分辨红绿的色觉行为

本文在11只上海家免上进行了色觉行为学的实验研究。通过限制方位、光强等可能成为条件刺激的因素,并排除了声音、气味、背景光刺激等的干扰,确保颜色成为唯一的条件刺激,建立食物性红绿色觉分辨条件反射。经过适应、筛选、驯练和测试,在家兔上建立了对绿光稳固的条件反射。该结果显示兔具有颜色分辨能力。     

How Tillich and Kohut both find courage in faith

Courage has long been considered an important virtue, but throughout most of history its prime location was the battlefield. The chief exemplars of courage were warriors. Theologian Paul Tillich and psychologist Heinz Kohut have both written about courage, and each in his own way contributes to a new and broader understanding of courage, making it more applicable to the battlefields of everyday life. Specifically, they explain why courage is needed to fight emotional and spiritual dangers— and why religious faith vitalizes the self to overcome those dangers. Although the ideas of Tillich and Kohut on courage have been critiqued separately, this essay is the first attempt to integrate the two writers' theories. As psychologists and theologians look for intersections between their disciplines, this case study on courage shows how two prominent representatives in their fields are more compatible than people may realize.     

国外关于幼儿道德判断的近期研究

简要介绍国外近年来从信息加工和情绪归因的角度对幼儿道德判断进行的研究。这些研究揭示：幼儿道德判断受记忆、理解因素的影响;其发展表现为整合信息能力和根据不同情境分化地使用不同判断标准的能力不断提高;幼儿道德认知与情绪反应有不一致的现象。     

试论反应性抑郁形成的心理过程

对反应性抑郁形成的心理过程进行解释的理论中 ,较有影响的有精神分析理论、控制理论、认知理论、自我注意理论和行为主义理论。由于这些理论都仅强调某一个因素的作用 ,因而有一定的局限性。如果综合考虑这些因素 ,同时还考虑到评价、个体扮演角色的多少及其采用的应付方式等因素的作用 ,就可以看出反应性抑郁形成的完整心理过程。     

人体系统的非优性与疾病的时空特征

人体系统并非完美,生命抛物线是由生理年龄、社会年龄、人体熵三大要素在非线性作用下相干的结果,从而呈现一种复杂的网状“大Ｘ构架”。每一个交叉点都具有阶段性态变的意义和对生命质量的表征。疾病是人体系统非优的必然。熵压决定了熵的退行性运动,从而也决定了生命时间的有限性。疾病是熵增过程造成机体不同程度封闭的结果。每次疾病都是对熵的增压,造成机体的物质丢失、时间丢失与跳跃,出现熵运动方面的引力偏折,从而在局     

Effects of Gender and Profession Type on Definitions of Violence Against Women in Hong Kong

This study investigated the criteria chosen by male and female Chinese public servants (clinical psychologists, social workers, police officers, physicians, nurses, teachers, and lawyers) in Hong Kong to classify and define violence against women. Data were gathered via questionnaires completed by 2589 (686 male) public servants from 10,476 polled (response rate 24.7%). The questionnaires included a 14-item check-list of various behaviors constituting violence against women and a 10-item check-list of criteria that could be used to categorize behavior as violence against women. It was found that for this population, use of physical force and lack of consent were the main determinants of violence against women. Only half of respondents considered murder a form of violence against women, the rest categorized it as a crime that was "not merely violence." Most respondents defined sexual harassment, rape, and unwanted physical contact as forms of violence against women. The female public servants were more likely to define behaviors as violence against women and to use more criteria to define violence against women. Public servants who worked with the law enforcement and legal system were more likely than others to choose narrow definitions and rigid criteria.     

一种快速记忆法个案报告

作者以自己为被试,运用自己创造的一系列数序形象挂钩法识记105位化学元素名称和300位圆周率数字,结果表明:运用此法记忆顺序性极强、数量很大、难于记住的材料快速高效,能倒顺背诵和随点随背,能冲破前摄和倒摄干扰,使识记很快通过短时记忆而迅速地顺利进入长时记忆,在识记后的开初(26小时)遗忘不多也不快,在隔一天以后进行检查(复习)并强化未记牢的材料,可使保持率在数百日后不下降,因而作者认为,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线应界定为机械识记的遗忘曲线较为妥当。作者在文中第一次较详细地公开了在一天内就能倒顺背诵105位化学元素名称和300位圆周率数字的数序形象挂钩法及其关键与技巧。     

超常与常态儿童记忆和记忆组织的比较研究

本实验以超常儿童(20名,平均年龄为11岁2个月)和常态儿童(20名,平均年龄为11岁3个月)为被试,以数字和图形为实验材料对超常儿童和常态儿童的记忆和记忆组织特点和差异作了初步的比较研究。结果是;(1)超常儿童不仅在回忆量上比常态儿童优异,更主要的是在记忆速度和记忆组织上比常态儿童发展得更好;(2)儿童的记忆与记忆组织有密切相关,尤其是记忆速度与记忆组织之间有显著相关;(3)实验表明同时使用回忆量和记忆速度作为记忆成绩的指标更为合适,能更好地说明儿童记忆的特点。     

生物反馈、肌肉放松与高血压

本文旨在了解生物反馈与高血压病的关系,以临床客观指标探索它们之间的差量。随意选择高血压病者39名,分为三个组:单纯生物反馈组,肌肉放松训练组以及生物反馈辅助肌肉放松训练组。经一个月训练结果表明:单纯生物反馈组收缩压与舒张压的疗效有非常显著性差异水平。肌肉放松组仅收缩压疗效有统计学意义,舒张压不呈现差异水平。生物反馈辅助肌肉放松训练组两种血压疗效与单纯生物反馈组类似。这说明单纯生物反馈在治疗高血压中起主要作用。肌肉放松有很强的局限性。