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281.
282.
We report normative data collected from Mainland Chinese speakers for 232 objects taken from Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980).
These data include adult ratings of concept familiarity, age of acquisition (AoA), printedword frequency, and word length
(in syllables), as well as measures of rated visual complexity, image agreement, and name agreement. We then examined timed
picture naming of these objects with native Chinese speakers in Beijing in two experiments using line drawings and colored
pictures. In both experiments, the variables name agreement, rated concept familiarity, and AoA made significant independent
contributions to naming latency in multiple regression analyses. We observed a correlation ofr=.85 between naming latency with line drawings and colored pictures and a reduced effect of image agreement on naming when
colored pictures were presented. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of lexical processing in Chinese.
Normative data for 232 Chinese nouns may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive 相似文献
283.
Alberto Gallace Hong Z. Tan Charles Spence 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2007,69(4):477-486
The phenomenon of change blindness (the surprising inability of people to correctly perceive changes between consecutively presented displays), primarily reported in vision, has recently been shown to occur for positional changes presented in tactile displays as well. Here, we studied people’s ability to detect changes in the number of tactile stimuli in successively presented displays composed of one to three stimuli distributed over the body surface. In Experiment 1, a tactile mask consisting of the simultaneous activation of all seven possible tactile stimulators was sometimes presented between the two to-be-discriminated tactile displays. In Experiment 2, a “mudsplash” paradigm was used, with a brief irrelevant tactile distractor presented at the moment of change of the tactile display. Change blindness was demonstrated in both experiments, thus showing that the failure to detect tactile change is not necessarily related to (1) the physical disruption between consecutive events, (2) the effect of masking covering the location of the change, or (3) the erasure or resetting of the information contained within an internal representation of the tactile display. These results are interpreted in terms of a limitation in the number of spatial locations/events that can be consciously accessed at any one time. This limitation appears to constrain change-detection performance, no matter the sensory modality in which the stimuli are presented. 相似文献
284.
To date, numerosity judgments have been studied only under conditions of unimodal stimulus presentation. It is therefore unclear whether the same limitations on correctly reporting the number of unimodal visual or tactile stimuli presented in a display might be expected under conditions in which participants have to count stimuli presented simultaneously in two or more different sensory modalities. In Experiment 1, we investigated numerosity judgments using both unimodal and bimodal displays consisting of one to six vibrotactile stimuli (presented over the body surface) and one to six visual stimuli (seen on the body via mirror reflection). Participants had to count the number of stimuli regardless of their modality of presentation. Bimodal numerosity judgments were significantly less accurate than predicted on the basis of an independent modality-specific resources account, thus showing that numerosity judgments might rely on a unitary amodal system instead. The results of a second experiment demonstrated that divided attention costs could not account for the poor performance in the bimodal conditions of Experiment 1. We discuss these results in relation to current theories of cross-modal integration and to the cognitive resources and/or common higher order spatial representations possibly accessed by both visual and tactile stimuli. 相似文献
285.
286.
Eduardo A. Vasquez Nurcan Ensari William C. Pedersen Rae Yunzi Tan Norman Miller 《European journal of social psychology》2007,37(2):297-319
Two studies examined the reduction of triggered displaced aggression (TDA) via bottom‐up processing modes of de‐categorization. Participants were provoked by the experimenter and then interacted with an ostensible out‐group member who either did or did not provide a second (triggering) provocation. Study 1 compared TDA toward a triggering out‐group member who had previously been either differentiated from the out‐group, made the focus of self‐other comparison, or was in a no‐information control condition. As predicted, both differentiation and self‐other comparison reduced aggression relative to the control condition. Study 2 examined the effect of negative self‐disclosure from the out‐group target, and contrasted its effects with both self‐other comparison with a negative other, and a no‐information control condition. As predicted, triggered participants in the negative self‐disclosure condition aggressed less than those triggered in the negative self‐other comparison or no‐information control conditions. The liking induced by self‐disclosure mediated its aggression‐reducing effect. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
287.
Ruijian Han Kani Chen Chunxi Tan 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2020,73(3):522-540
The design of recommendation strategies in the adaptive learning systems focuses on utilizing currently available information to provide learners with individual-specific learning instructions. As a critical motivate for human behaviours, curiosity is essentially the drive to explore knowledge and seek information. In a psychologically inspired view, we propose a curiosity-driven recommendation policy within the reinforcement learning framework, allowing for an efficient and enjoyable personalized learning path. Specifically, a curiosity reward from a well-designed predictive model is generated to model one's familiarity with the knowledge space. Given such curiosity rewards, we apply the actor–critic method to approximate the policy directly through neural networks. Numerical analyses with a large continuous knowledge state space and concrete learning scenarios are provided to further demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. 相似文献
288.
Diana Weiting Tan Murray T. Maybery Louise Ewing Jia-Xin Tay Peter R. Eastwood Andrew J.O. Whitehouse 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(4):723-741
Reports linking prenatal testosterone exposure to autistic traits and to a masculinized face structure have motivated research investigating whether autism is associated with facial masculinization. This association has been reported with greater consistency for females than for males, in studies comparing groups with high and low levels of autistic traits. In the present study, we conducted two experiments to examine facial masculinity/femininity in 151 neurotypical adults selected for either low, mid-range, or high levels of autistic traits. In the first experiment, their three-dimensional facial photographs were subjectively rated by 41 raters for masculinity/femininity and were objectively analysed. In the second experiment, we generated 6-face composite images, which were rated by another 36 raters. Across both experiments, findings were consistent for ratings of photographs and composite images. For females, a linear relationship was observed where femininity ratings decreased as a function of higher levels of autistic traits. For males, we found a U-shaped function where males with mid-range levels of traits were rated lowest on masculinity. Objective facial analyses revealed that higher levels of autistic traits were associated with less feminine facial structures in females and less masculine structures in males. These results suggest sex-specific relationships between autistic traits and facial masculinity/femininity. 相似文献
289.
David Mellor David J. Hallford Jeretine Tan Monique Waterhouse 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(1):13-21
Sleep problems are highly prevalent among school-attending youth, and impact on school performance and outcomes. Sleep-competing behaviours are likely factors in the inadequate sleep time and related functional outcomes observed in this population. We examined a range of sleep-competing behaviours and their associations with sleep variables in Australian school-attending youth. We also assessed whether these behaviours indirectly affected mental health and daytime functioning through poorer sleep quality. A total of 353 school-attending youth (mean age = 14.6 years, 53% female) were recruited from high schools in Australia, and completed a range of self-report measures. Approximately 50% of the youth obtained sub-optimal levels of sleep and reported having a problematically long sleep onset latency. Sleep competing behaviours, related and unrelated to electronic media use, were reported as occurring frequently, and were associated with a range of sleep variables. These behaviours were also related to poorer mental health and daytime sleepiness, with this association explained by indirect effects through sleep quality. Sleep-competing behaviours are prevalent on school nights in Australian youth, and may have adverse associations with mental health and functioning. Prevention and intervention programs might address the risk factors identified in the current study. 相似文献
290.
楚简《太一生水》"托其名"之"名"是天地初开时的"混沌"名。"混沌"就是"清浊"或"清混"(也作"清浑"),即《太一生水》中之"青昏"。因此,""应厘定为"青昏"而非"请问"。"托其名"就是依照贵道——原道——循道——用道的逻辑理路循序演进,对宇宙生成过程进行逆向追述,上溯至天地的源头,因"青昏"之名,循"道"之字,以行"浑沌氏之术"。这是道家"推天理以明人事"思想的体现。 相似文献