说明文阅读中的视角效应

说明文的阅读视角不仅影响阅读中信息的获得,而且会影响实时阅读加工过程。目前对视角效应最新的眼动研究,围绕阅读中编码相关信息到工作记忆中是否需要额外的时间这一争论,揭示了过去知识和工作记忆容量对阅读视角效应的影响,对视角效应产生的内在机制也有了更深层的认识。     

均衡的三种向度及其资源观

资源和人类的生存与发展紧密相连。但资源的质和量在一定的时空内不以人的意志为转移。于是,有限资源与无限的人类需求的矛盾推动着人们去认识世界和改造世界,以获得更多的资源。在人类曾经经历的绝大部分时间里,资源问题很容易得到解决。而在人类现代化过程中,尤其在当代,出现     

关于"性别差异"的哲学争论

女性主义已经在当代哲学领域带来深刻的思想革命."性别差异"是当代西方哲学研究的一个重要问题,围绕着这一问题存在着许多哲学争论.笔者以是否应当放弃"女性"概念、应当如何描述"女性"的性别特征,以及"性别差异"是否为一个本体论事实三个问题为例分析了当代哲学关于"性别差异"问题的争论,并试图作出一些讨论和思考.     

伦理学基本问题新论

一门学科之所以得以建立,不仅在于有其客观的研究对象,而且在于有其基本问题.伦理学的基本问题就是道德观的根本问题,即道与德、义与利、群与己的关系问题,简单合在一起说,伦理学的基本问题就是道德义利群己关系问题.     

The multiple determination of well-being: Independent effects of positive traits,needs, goals,selves, social supports,and cultural contexts

Although most researchers acknowledge that subjective well-being (SWB) is multiply determined, little research and theory simultaneously considers the effects of many types of determinants, located at many different levels of analysis. Guided by a six-level model of “optimal human being” (Sheldon, 2004, ‚Optimal Human Being: An Integrated Multi-level Perspective’ (Erlbaum, Mahwah, N.J.)), we tested the hypothesis that psychological need-satisfaction, a positive Big Five trait profile, good personal goal-progress, high self-esteem, positive social support, and a happiness-conducing cultural membership would each uniquely predict SWB. These hypotheses were confirmed, supporting the hierarchical perspective and irreducibility assumption that under-girded the research. Implications for SWB theory and interventions, and for the task of integrating the many different types of personality constructs that exist, are discussed.     

德谟克利特的真理论：αληθεια和ετεη

在德谟克利特关于认识论方面的残篇中,出现了关于"真"的两种说法,一是主张现象就是真理,把一切感觉的表象都归之于真理;二是主张感觉是不可靠不真实的,认为一切感觉现象都是"从俗约定"的,"实际上,只有原子和虚空"。在希腊文原文中,现象的"真"与原子和虚空所指的"真"是用两个不同的希腊词表达的,前者用的是αληθεια(中译为"真理"),而后者用的是ειεη(中译为"实在")。并且,德谟克利特之前和之后的哲学家们所谈论的真理用的基本上都是αληθεια这个词,ειεη这个词只在德谟克利特的思想表述中出现过。这一对比刚好显出德谟克利特对真理问题的独到见解,从追求αληθεια意义上的"真",到认识αληθεια之"真"的不确定性,再到发现ειεη所指的真正实在之"真"。在经过德谟克利特的这一番探讨之后,真理问题重新被挑起,并成为后世哲人日益关注的焦点。本文就是通过分析αληθεια和ειεη这两个希腊词来探讨德谟克利特真理论思想。     

Mapping the color space of saccadic selectivity in visual search

Color coding is used to guide attention in computer displays for such critical tasks as baggage screening or air traffic control. It has been shown that a display object attracts more attention if its color is more similar to the color for which one is searching. However, what does similar precisely mean? Can we predict the amount of attention that a display color will receive during a search for a given target color? To tackle this question, two color‐search experiments measuring the selectivity of saccadic eye movements and mapping out its underlying color space were conducted. A variety of mathematical models, predicting saccadic selectivity for given target and display colors, were devised and evaluated. The results suggest that applying a Gaussian function to a weighted Euclidean distance in a slightly modified HSI color space is the best predictor of saccadic selectivity in the chosen paradigm. Hue and intensity information by itself provides a basis for useful predictors, spanning a possibly spherical color space of saccadic selectivity. Although the current models cannot predict saccadic selectivity values for a wide variety of visual search tasks, they reveal some characteristics of color search that are of both theoretical and applied interest, such as for the design of human–computer interfaces.     

为构建和谐社会作贡献 为加强自身建设多努力——在中国道教协会第七次全国代表会议上的讲话

各位代表、各位朋友:今天,大家欢聚北京,隆重举行中国道教协会第七次全国代表会议。会议将总结过去六年多来的工作,选举产生新一届领导班子,研究部署今后五年的工作,特别就如何发挥道教优良传统为构建社会主义和谐社会作贡献问题进行深入讨论。这次会议的召开,是中国道教界的一     

Making Numbers Come to Life: Two Scoring Methods for Creativity in Aurora's Cartoon Numbers

Although creativity has long been recognized as an important aspect of mathematical thinking, both for the advancement of the field and in students' developing expertise in mathematics, assessments of student creativity in that domain have been limited in number and focus. This article presents an assessment developed for creativity that provides a score for mathematical creativity (MaC) in addition to a score for general creativity in the numeric domain, or what we might call numerical creativity (NuC). We developed different rating scales for each and then explored how each scoring method accounts for the students' mathematical/numerical and creative skills. The psychometric properties for both scoring approaches were examined. Each method was shown to reflect different relationships with other performance tests. In addition, it is proposed that MaC may provide useful insight into students' levels of adaptive expertise in mathematics, as reflected by their ability to apply mathematical knowledge (i.e., language, operations, concepts) to novel situations, representing an informative supplement to performance indicators of math achievement.