韦伯对道德合法性问题的探究

道德生活的合法性在哪里?韦伯提供了一种理性主义的道德理想主义路径,通过对幸福主义或功利主义的批判尤其是正面对新教伦理之理想主义的申述,其确立起如下基本观点:道德不是技术、技艺或物质利益,它不能像任何技术性手段一样有助于达到人们眼前的利益,在某种意义上它本身就是目的——它同人的高贵、尊严和终极价值等关联在一起,因而是人生和世界意义之体现,同时构成了人之永恒追求的目的。     

“国粹”与“国魂”——弘扬中华伦理价值 重铸民族精神

在中华民族文化出现复兴曙光之际,我们在当代文化建设中一定要努力弘扬中华文化。中华文化对世界的独特贡献就在于它崇尚道德的精神,这是中华文化的真正"国粹"。当前文化建设的核心是重新反思我们近百年来受到的西方价值观的影响,着力弘扬中华文化的群体和他人价值导向、义以为上的道义追求、义务为本的责任意识、等差礼让的人际伦理、人心自律的主体精神,只有重新弘扬中华文化的这些核心价值观,才会为民族唤回灵魂,才会为国家发展提供强大的动力和凝聚力,才会为社会提供强有力的粘合剂和调和液,真正重塑起我们的民族精神和国家精神。     

Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in mouse brain through suppressing p38/NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathways

Evidence indicates that systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces brain inflammation, ultimately resulting in cognitive deficits. Ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known to possess multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of UA against the LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice. We found that UA significantly improved cognitive deficits of LPS-treated mice in open field, step-through passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. One potential mechanism of this action was attributed to the decreased production of pro-inflammatory markers including COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 in LPS-treated mouse brain. Mechanistically, UA markedly inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and p38 activation in mouse brain, but did not affect the activation of TLR4, MyD88, ERK, JNK and Akt. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be useful for mitigating inflammation-associated brain disorders by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors production, at least in part, through blocking the p38/NF-κB signaling pathways.     

Perceptions of parent-adolescent communication within families: it is a matter of perspective

This study examined the concordance between parental and youth's perceptions regarding open communication in their families and its association with youth's psychosocial adjustment. The relative importance of parental and adolescents' perceptions of open family communication in relation to youth's psychosocial adjustment was also investigated. Participants were 336 parent-youth dyads from inner-city low-income communities in an eastern city in the United States. Both parental and youth's perceptions of open communication in the family were categorized into "high" and "low" groups using a median split in scores. Four parent-youth concordance groups (i.e. high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low) were derived based on the combination of the levels of parental and youth's perceptions. Parental and youth's perceptions about open communication were modestly correlated (r = 0.129, p < 0.05). The level of concordance differed by youth gender with male adolescents and their parents being more likely to perceive lower levels of open communication (i.e. "low-low") than females and their parents (32% versus 19%, p < 0.05). In general, youth demonstrated poorer psychosocial adjustment if they perceived a lower level of open communication between them and their parents, independent of the level of their parents' perceptions (e.g. "high" or "low"). The findings suggest an important role of adolescents' own perceptions of the openness of the family communication in relation to adolescent psychosocial adjustment. Developmentally and gender appropriate intervention programs are needed to improve the openness of parent-adolescent communication, to help both parents and youth to recognize the significant preventive role of open communication in the family, especially, the socioeconomically disadvantaged families.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

大学生自尊与父母教养方式的相关研究

目的:通过问卷调查了解当代大学生的自尊水平及其父母教养方式,并分析两者之间的关系,为父母教育子女提供有效建议。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,运用自尊量表(SES)和父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对长江大学320名大学生进行调查。结果:1.大学生自尊与情感温暖方式呈显著正相关,与惩罚严厉、过分干涉保护、拒绝否认呈显著负相关,与偏爱被试无显著相关;2.高自尊大学生与低自尊大学生在父亲和母亲的情感温暖、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认上存在显著差异,在父亲的过度保护方面存在显著差异;3.父母教养方式受城乡环境等因素影响。结论:父母应当采取积极的教养方式教育孩子,塑造孩子的自尊。     

Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus

Target probability has a well-known effect on detection times: Targets that occur with lower probability are detected more slowly than their higher-probability counterparts. A long-standing issue of interest is what causes this effect. In the two experiments of this study, we examined the possibility that the target probability effect has an attentional locus. We report two key findings that are consistent with this hypothesis. First, we observed a magnification of the effect when the attentional resources available for target detection were limited. Second, we also observed the complementary pattern: an attenuation of the effect when more attentional resources were available for detection. We propose that the target probability effect is caused by an asymmetry in the attentional demands made by targets that occur with different probabilities, with low-probability targets being more attentionally demanding than high-probability ones.     

A recency-based account of the primacy effect in free recall

Seven experiments investigated the role of rehearsal in free recall to determine whether accounts of recency effects based on the ratio rule could be extended to provide an account of primacy effects based on the number, distribution, and recency of the rehearsals of the study items. Primacy items were rehearsed more often and further toward the end of the list than middle items, particularly with a slow presentation rate (Experiment 1) and with high-frequency words (Experiment 2). Recency, but not primacy, was reduced by a filled delay (Experiment 3), although significant recency survived a filled retention interval when a fixed-rehearsal strategy was used (Experiment 4). Experimenter-presented schedules of rehearsals resulted in similar serial position curves to those observed with participant-generated rehearsals (Experiment 5) and were used to confirm the main findings in Experiments 6 and 7.     

从佛教缘起的角度看"经济人"假说之不足

西方文明在"经济人"思想的引导下产生了工业革命,进而实现了现代化.但是,"经济人"思想的自利性,忽视了人与人、人与自然、人与社会的依存关系,使西方社会在实现物质文明的同时,产生了种种危机.而这些危机的解决有赖于一种新的伦理思想,以重新审视经济发展和人类存在的关系.佛教缘起观是一种从社会、个人和环境相互共生的视角,来看待社会发展的伦理思想,它对克服现代社会发展的各种片面性有积极的借鉴作用.