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271.
Aspectual asymmetries in the mental representation of events: Role of lexical and grammatical aspect
Foong Ha Yap Patrick Chun Kau Chu Emily Sze Man Yiu Stella Fay Wong Stella Wing Man Kwan Stephen Matthews Li Hai Tan Ping Li Yasuhiro Shirai 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(5):587-595
Temporal information is important in the construction of situation models, and many languages make use of perfective and imperfective
aspect markers to distinguish between completed situations (e.g., He made a cake) and ongoing situations (e.g., He is making a cake). Previous studies in which the effect of grammatical aspect has been examined have shown that perfective sentences are often
processed more quickly than imperfective ones (e.g., Chan, Yap, Shirai, & Matthews, 2004; Madden & Zwaan, 2003; Yap et al.,
2004; Yap et al., 2006). However, these studies used only accomplishment verbs (i.e., verbs with an inherent endpoint, such
as bake a cake). The present study on the processing of Cantonese includes activity verbs (i.e., durative verbs with no inherent endpoint,
such as play the piano), and the results indicate a strong interaction between lexical aspect (i.e., verb type) and grammatical aspect. That is,
perfective sentences were processed more quickly with accomplishment verbs, consistent with previous findings, but imperfective
sentences were processed more quickly with activity verbs. We suggest that these different aspectual asymmetries emerge as
a result of the inherent associations between accomplishment verbs and the bounded features of perfective aspect and between
activity verbs and the unbounded features of imperfective aspect. The sentence stimuli from this study may be downloaded from
mc.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
272.
Adam P. Vogel Helen J. Chenery Catriona M. Dart Binh Doan Mildred Tan David A. Copland 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2009,38(5):459-473
Lexical-semantic access and retrieval was examined in 15 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and matched controls. This study
extends the literature through the inclusion of multiple examinations of lexical-semantic production within the same patient
group and through correlating performance on these tasks with various positive and negative clinical symptoms. On tasks of
verbal fluency, meaning generation, sentence production using contextual information and confrontation naming, participants
with schizophrenia made significantly more semantic errors on naming tasks; produced fewer meanings for homophones; produced
fewer items on semantic, phonological, cued and switching fluency tasks; and produced more errors on sentence production tasks
when compared to healthy controls. Significant correlations were also observed between ratings of psychomotor poverty and
measures of semantic production and mental inflexibility. This study has provided additional evidence for deficits in lexical-semantic
retrieval which are not due to underlying semantic store degradation, do not involve phonological based retrieval, and at
the level of sentence generation appear to vary as a function of the contextual constraints provided. 相似文献
273.
274.
275.
Chee-Seng Tan Sanggari A/P Krishnan Qi-Wen Lee 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2017,36(3):556-564
Studies have documented that self-esteem and social support mediate the relationship between extroversion and happiness. Most of the studies, however, were conducted in a piecemeal fashion and have rarely evaluated the two mediators simultaneously. It is not clear whether the two mediating effects are equally important or one is greater than the other. Moreover, little attention has been given to the indirect effect of extraversion on happiness through self-esteem then social support (i.e., serial mediating effect). The present study attempts to bridge these gaps by proposing and testing a path model illustrating the mediating effects of self-esteem and social support on the linkage of extraversion and happiness. Undergraduate students (N = 311) completed measures of extroversion, social support, self-esteem, and happiness. Results showed that extraversion, self-esteem, and social support were significantly associated with happiness. As predicted, both self-esteem and social support mediated the relationship between extraversion and happiness, respectively. Results also supported the hypothesized serial mediating effect. In other words, extroverts tend to have high self-esteem which increases supports they receive from friends and family. The high social support, in turn, enhances happiness. Additionally, comparisons among the three indirect effects indicated that the effect of self-esteem was significantly greater than the other two effects. The findings not only shed light on the independent and accumulative mediating effects of self-esteem and social support, but also provide new insight into the difference in strength of the indirect effects. 相似文献
276.
Tony Xing Tan Yan Wang Adryona D. Ruggerio 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(10):2742-2752
Existing research has shown that adverse childhood experiences from family instability and lack of safety increase children’s risk for poor academic functioning. A recent conceptual framework, however, has emphasized the need to investigate how parenting might mediate while community context might moderate the association between childhood adversity and children’s cognitive development. In the current study, we tested the roles of parenting stress and neighborhood support in the association between cumulative childhood adversity and children’s current academic functioning. We conducted a secondary data analysis on the subsample of school-aged children (i.e., 6–17 years old; N?=?65,680) from the 2011–2012 United States National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The parent provided telephone survey data on six types of adversity (e.g., parent’s divorce) that the target child experienced, parenting stress, neighborhood support, as well as the child’s academic functioning. Controlling for the child’s age, gender, ethnicity, and the parent’s education level, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed a significant moderated mediating effect: parenting stress partially mediated the association between history of childhood adversity and children’s current academic functioning (β?=??1.760, p?<?0.001), while neighborhood support moderated the association between parenting stress (β?=?0.492, p?<?0.001) and academic functioning. 相似文献
277.
Pei Wang Ya-Ping Yang Chen-Hao Tan Qin-Wei Chen Thomas Cantfort 《The Journal of general psychology》2017,144(4):283-308
It is an open question whether social stereotype activation can be distinguished from nonsocial semantic activation. To address this question, gender stereotype activation (GSA) and lexical semantic activation (LSA) were directly compared. EEGs were recorded in 20 participants as they identified the congruence between prime-target word pairs under four different conditions (stereotype congruent, stereotype incongruent, semantic congruent, and semantic incongruent). We found that congruent targets elicited faster and more accurate responses and reduced N400 amplitudes irrespective of priming category types. The N400 congruency effect (i.e., the difference between incongruity and congruity) started earlier and had greater amplitude for GSA than for LSA. Moreover, gender category priming induced a smaller N400 and a larger P600 than lexical category priming. These findings suggest that the brain is not only sensitive to both stereotype and semantic violation in the post-perceptual processing stage but can also differentiate these two information processes. Further, the findings suggest superior processing (i.e., faster and deeper processing) when the words are associated with social category and convey stereotype knowledge. 相似文献
278.
This study provides a better understanding of using visual arts in counselling adults with depressive disorders. Three in-depth case studies were conducted in the counselling unit of a mental health hospital in Malaysia. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied to explore three adult participants’ counselling experiences. They attended six individual counselling sessions, which included four art-making activities, and two after-session interviews, for approximately two months. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings showed that through the therapeutic use of visual arts, the participants were able to explore and express various emotions, face their problems, communicate better with themselves and the counsellor, achieve a deeper self-understanding, and make meaningful progress in counselling, even though some of them experienced a sense of uncertainty at the beginning of some art-making activities. 相似文献
279.
Diana Weiting Tan Murray T. Maybery Louise Ewing Jia-Xin Tay Peter R. Eastwood Andrew J.O. Whitehouse 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(4):723-741
Reports linking prenatal testosterone exposure to autistic traits and to a masculinized face structure have motivated research investigating whether autism is associated with facial masculinization. This association has been reported with greater consistency for females than for males, in studies comparing groups with high and low levels of autistic traits. In the present study, we conducted two experiments to examine facial masculinity/femininity in 151 neurotypical adults selected for either low, mid-range, or high levels of autistic traits. In the first experiment, their three-dimensional facial photographs were subjectively rated by 41 raters for masculinity/femininity and were objectively analysed. In the second experiment, we generated 6-face composite images, which were rated by another 36 raters. Across both experiments, findings were consistent for ratings of photographs and composite images. For females, a linear relationship was observed where femininity ratings decreased as a function of higher levels of autistic traits. For males, we found a U-shaped function where males with mid-range levels of traits were rated lowest on masculinity. Objective facial analyses revealed that higher levels of autistic traits were associated with less feminine facial structures in females and less masculine structures in males. These results suggest sex-specific relationships between autistic traits and facial masculinity/femininity. 相似文献
280.
David Mellor David J. Hallford Jeretine Tan Monique Waterhouse 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(1):13-21
Sleep problems are highly prevalent among school-attending youth, and impact on school performance and outcomes. Sleep-competing behaviours are likely factors in the inadequate sleep time and related functional outcomes observed in this population. We examined a range of sleep-competing behaviours and their associations with sleep variables in Australian school-attending youth. We also assessed whether these behaviours indirectly affected mental health and daytime functioning through poorer sleep quality. A total of 353 school-attending youth (mean age = 14.6 years, 53% female) were recruited from high schools in Australia, and completed a range of self-report measures. Approximately 50% of the youth obtained sub-optimal levels of sleep and reported having a problematically long sleep onset latency. Sleep competing behaviours, related and unrelated to electronic media use, were reported as occurring frequently, and were associated with a range of sleep variables. These behaviours were also related to poorer mental health and daytime sleepiness, with this association explained by indirect effects through sleep quality. Sleep-competing behaviours are prevalent on school nights in Australian youth, and may have adverse associations with mental health and functioning. Prevention and intervention programs might address the risk factors identified in the current study. 相似文献