Psychotherapy in France: the legacy and the future

This paper looks at the present situation of psychotherapy in France. In studying the historical background to the introduction of psychoanalysis in France since the 1920s, an assumption is made about the similar changes in paradigms brought about by the emergence of a new field, whether this be psychoanalysis or psychotherapy.     

Use of religious and spiritual interventions by trainees in APA-accredited Christian clinical psychology programs

Little is known about the effectiveness of Christian clinical programs accredited by the American Psychological Association in training students to use religious and spiritual interventions in therapy. We surveyed 162 student therapists from three such programs regarding their training experiences and use of religious and spiritual interventions. Self-reported competency and use of religious and spiritual interventions correlated with a number of training components. However, none of the training components predicted unique variance in regression equations above and beyond that of general professional training, personal religiousness, and intervention-specific training. Suggestions are offered regarding intervention-specific training in both Christian and secular programs, the role of personal therapy in training, and the development of guidelines for competency in using religious and spiritual interventions.     

Effect of Film Velocity on Genre Recognition

Abstract

In this study effects of film velocity on genre recognition were tested. “Happy reunion” film scenes were taken from comic, action, drama, and nonfiction genres. Their speed was varied to result in 3 levels: original velocity, acceleration by one third, and deceleration by one third. Fifty participants judged the fittingness of all scenes in each of the 4 genres. Velocity proved to be an effective parameter in the recognition of the comical and dramatic genres but not of the action and nonfiction genres. As predicted, when a scene belonging to any genre was decelerated, participants judged the scene as belonging more to the dramatic genre (p < .01) and less to the comic genre (p < .01). Acceleration of a scene belonging to any genre increased its comical fittingness (p < .05). The role of prototypicality of scenes in the interaction with velocity turned out to be only modest. In a few cases genre crossings (i.e., confusing a scene's genre with another in recognition) resulted from velocity manipulations of nonprototypical but not prototypical scenes.     

汉语合成词的整词词形表征

关于汉语合成词的表征方式历来存在争论:是分解式表征还是整词式表征?文章阐述了整词式表征存在的心理可能性和实验证据,并指出该表征由语音、语义和字形三种不可分割的表征形式构成.前人研究表明,合成词在语音和语义层面可能拥有整词表征,但目前鲜有研究探讨整词词形表征存在的合理性.据此,文章试图寻找考察整词词形表征的研究范式及可能影响汉语合成词词形表征特点的语言因素.     

Syntactic priming in Chinese sentence comprehension: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this study examined the nature of syntactic priming effects in Chinese. Participants were required to read prime-target sentence pairs each embedding an ambiguous relative clause (RC) containing either the same verb or a synonymous verb. In Chinese, the word de serves as a relative clause marker. During reading a potential Chinese RC structure (either the prime or the target sentence), Chinese readers initially expect to read an Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) structure but the encounter of a relative clause marker de would make readers abandon the initial strategy and reanalyze the structure as a relative clause. A reduced P600 effect was elicited by the critical word de in the target sentence containing the same initial verb as in the prime sentence. No significant reduction of the P600 was observed in the target sentences in the synonymous condition. The results demonstrated that verb repetition but not similarity in meaning produced a syntactic priming effect in Chinese. The constraint-based lexicalist hypothesis and the argument structure theory were adopted to explain the syntactic priming effect obtained in the current study.     

Synthesis of a La-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite

A bulk metallic glass matrix composite, that is a crystalline phase in an amorphous matrix, has been successfully synthesized by chill casting a La-based quaternary La₆₆Al₁₄Cu₁₀Ni₁₀ alloy. A composite rod as large as 12?mm in diameter was obtained. The reinforcing crystalline phase was identified as α-La, which was uniformly distributed and well developed throughout the sample. The critical cooling rate for the formation of the composite was determined by the Bridgman solidification process to be below 15?K?s^?1. Increased thermal stability was observed for the composite compared with the fully glassy rods, the reason for which remains unclear.     

Importance of chamber gas pressure on processing of Al-based metallic glasses during melt spinning

The effect of chamber gas pressure on the amorphicity of Al₈₅Ni₅Y₁₀ alloy was studied for the melt-spinning process. The amorphicity of as-quenched ribbons was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chamber atmosphere pressure is crucial to the cooling rate of melt spinning. At high vacuum, at pressure less than 0.001?atm, fully crystalline fragments are obtained. Monolithic amorphous ribbons were only obtained at a gas pressure of 0.1?atm, 0.2?atm or higher. The extended contact length between ribbons and the copper wheel contributes to the high cooling rate of melt spinning in Al-based glass forming alloys; that is supported by images recorded by a high-speed camera. Higher chamber pressure increases contact length between ribbons and the wheel, which is qualitatively elucidated by Bernoulli's equation.     

When happiness makes us selfish, but sadness makes us fair: Affective influences on interpersonal strategies in the dictator game

Does temporary mood influence how fair or selfish we are in interpersonal situations? These three experiments predicted and found that when people have the power to allocate scarce resources between themselves and others in the dictator game, positive mood increased selfishness, and sad mood produced greater fairness. In a public setting (Experiment 1), happy persons kept more raffle tickets to themselves when making allocations, and Experiment 2 confirmed this effect in the laboratory. Experiment 3 showed that mood effects on selfishness were strongest when the external norms for fairness were relaxed. The results are discussed in terms recent affect-cognition theories, suggesting that positive mood recruits more assimilative, internally focused processing, while negative affect promotes more externally oriented, accommodative processing and thus greater concern with social norms. The implications of the findings for everyday interpersonal decisions are considered.