全文获取类型
收费全文 | 282篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 33篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1931年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有306条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
201.
Sean P. Peterson Nicole M. Rodriguez Tamara L. Pawich 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2019,52(2):370-385
Despite its advantages, discrete‐trial instruction (DTI) has been criticized for producing rote responding. Although there is little research supporting this claim, if true, this may be problematic given the propensity of children with autism to engage in restricted and repetitive behavior. One feature that is common in DTI that may contribute to rote responding is the prompting and reinforcement of one correct response per discriminative stimulus. To evaluate the potential negative effects of rote prompts on varied responding, we compared the effects of modeling rote versus varied target responses during the teaching of intraverbal categorization. We also evaluated the effects of these procedures on the efficiency of acquisition of any one correct response. For all four children, any increase in varied responding was fleeting, and for two participants, acquisition was slower in the variable‐modeling condition. 相似文献
202.
203.
Salsman JM Brown TL Brechting EH Carlson CR 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2005,31(4):522-535
Although optimism, social support, religiousness, and spirituality are important predictors of adjustment, rarely have studies examined these variables simultaneously. This study investigated whether optimism and social support mediated the relationship between religiousness and adjustment (distress and life satisfaction) and between spirituality and adjustment. Findings indicate that the relationship between intrinsic religiousness and life satisfaction and between prayer fulfillment and life satisfaction was mediated by optimism and social support. Furthermore, the relationship between religiousness and adjustment varied depending on how religiousness was operationalized and whether positive versus negative adjustment indicators were used. That is, intrinsic religiousness and prayer fulfillment were associated with greater life satisfaction, but extrinsic religiousness was not associated with life satisfaction. These findings were significant even after accounting for covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, social desirability). Results suggest religiousness and spirituality are related but distinct constructs and are associated with adjustment through factors such as social support and optimism. 相似文献
204.
The so called "emotion learning" literature describes the ability of distressing and aversive unconditioned stimuli to classically condition a learned avoidance response. In order to investigate the impact of experience with noxious stimuli in one conditioning context on learning and memory performance in a separate, non-aversively motivated task, juvenile recognition ability was examined in adult female rats exposed previously to one of two environmental stressors. In particular, experimental adult rats were either socially defeated by exposure to an aggressive conspecific rat or fear conditioned using single or multiple pairings with footshock prior to performance of the social recognition task. Experiment 1 established that repeated exposure to a single juvenile resulted in social memory formation reflected in decreased social investigation from the first to the second exposure. Experiment 2 documented that both single and multiple pairings of an environment with footshock produced robust freezing behavior (90-95% suppression of activity). In addition, fear conditioning produced a non-specific 5-60% increase in social investigation time in both single and multiple-pairing fear conditioned groups which confounded the ability of the social recognition measure to assess effects of fear conditioning on learning and memory performance per se. In contrast, Experiment 3 documented that when social recognition memory performance was impaired to 85% of control levels by imposition of a 2 h delay, exposure to a social defeat stressor reinstated optimal social recognition memory performance. These findings suggest that the after effects of fear conditioning include non-specific alteration of social investigation whereas exposure to conspecific aggression enhances subsequent social recognition memory. 相似文献
205.
Words carry considerable information, but much of that information is not relevant in context. Research has shown that readers
selectively activate and remember relevant information associated with words in different contexts, but it is not known when
in processing this selection occurs. This experiment investigated whether context can change which properties are initially
retrieved, using a speed-accuracy trade-off paradigm. Readers had to verify a property of a modifier-noun phrase (e.g., in
the sentenceBoiled celery is soft) within a specified interval, from 300–3,000 msec after presentation. Results revealed that properties associated with the
noun alone were activated sooner than were properties that required integration of the modifier with the noun. Thus, context
did not serve to influence the initial retrieval of properties but only to activate or suppress properties later in processing. 相似文献
206.
Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the magnitude of relationships between polymorphisms in 2 genes, ALDH2 and ADH1B, with alcohol dependence in Asians. For each gene, possession of 1 variant *2 allele was protective against alcohol dependence, and possession of a 2nd *2 allele did not offer significant additional protection. The protective effects of these 2 gene polymorphisms were independent. Diagnostic criteria, recruitment strategy, and Japanese ethnicity moderated the effect of ALDH2*2. Recruitment strategy and gender moderated the effect of ADH1B*2. These findings highlight the importance of methodological issues and potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that must be considered when examining relationships between genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes. 相似文献
207.
The aim of the present study was to test memory for information under conditions of extreme arousal in an analogue design to mimic hyperarousal during trauma exposure. Prior to their skydive, 70 novice skydivers were administered measures of fear, heart rate, and anxiety sensitivity. Half the participants learnt a list of words that varied in both relevance to their skydive and valence (irrelevant/relevant, negative/neutral) on the plane (skydivers), and remaining participants learnt an identical list of words on the ground (delayed controls). Following the skydive, participants completed free recall and recognition tasks; heart rate, dissociation, and subjective arousal were also measured. Consistent with an attentional narrowing hypothesis, skydivers recalled comparable a comparable number of relevant words as delayed controls, but significantly less irrelevant words. In terms of recognition performance, skydivers displayed better recognition of relevant words but poorer recognition of irrelevant words than delayed controls. Valence of words did not alter the pattern of results. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of understanding memory processes under conditions of high threat. 相似文献
208.
IQ on the rise: the Flynn effect in rural Kenyan children 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Abstract - Multiple studies have documented significant IQ gains over time, a phenomenon labeled the Flynn effect. Data from 20 industrialized nations show massive IQ gains over time, most notably in culturally reduced tests like the Raven's Progressive Matrices. To our knowledge, however, this is the first study to document the Flynn effect in a rural area of a developing country. Data for this project were collected during two large studies in Embu, Kenya, in 1984 and 1998. Results strongly support a Flynn effect over this 14-year period, with the most significant gains found in Raven's matrices. Previously hypothesized explanations (e.g., improved nutrition; increased environmental complexity; and family, parental, school, and methodological factors) for the Flynn effect are evaluated for their relevance in this community, and other potential factors are reviewed. The hypotheses that resonate best with our findings are those related to parents' literacy, family structure, and children's nutrition and health. 相似文献
209.
Average faces are attractive, but what is average depends on experience. We examined the effect of brief exposure to consistent facial distortions on what looks normal (average) and what looks attractive. Adaptation to a consistent distortion shifted what looked most normal, and what looked most attractive, toward that distortion. These normality and attractiveness aftereffects occurred when the adapting and test faces differed in orientation by 90° (+45° vs. −45°), suggesting adaptation of high-level neurons whose coding is not strictly retino- topic. Our results suggest that perceptual adaptation can rapidly recalibrate people's preferences to fit the faces they see. The results also suggest that average faces are attractive because of their central location in a distribution of faces (i.e., prototypicality), rather than because of any intrinsic appeal of particular physical characteristics. Recalibration of preferences may have important consequences, given the powerful effects of perceived attractiveness on person perception, mate choice, social interactions, and social outcomes for individuals. 相似文献
210.
Time along with space is one of the two fundamental dimensions of life. Whereas spatial aspects have been considered in experiments with marine mammals, research has so far not focused on timing per se although it is most likely involved in many behaviours such as foraging or navigation. This study investigated whether harbour seals possess a sense of time and how precisely they are able to discriminate time intervals. Experiments took place in a chamber that allowed keeping ambient illumination constant at 40 lx. The animal was presented with a white circle on a black background on a monitor displayed for a preset time interval. In a two-alternative forced-choice experiment, the animal had to indicate the presence of the standard or a longer comparison time interval by moving its head to one out of two response targets. Time difference thresholds were assessed for various standard intervals between 3 to 30 s adopting a staircase procedure. The experimental animal found access to the task easily and discriminated time intervals with difference thresholds partly in the millisecond range. Thus our study revealed a well-developed sense of time in a pinniped species. Time, besides information provided by the classical senses, is thus most likely an important parameter seals can rely on for various tasks including navigation and foraging. 相似文献