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In the Wake of the Great Recession: Economic Uncertainty,Communication, and Biological Stress Responses in Families 下载免费PDF全文
Tamara Afifi Sharde Davis Anne F. Merrill Samantha Coveleski Amanda Denes Walid Afifi 《人类交流研究》2015,41(2):268-302
The impact of spouses' communication about economic uncertainty on biological stress responses was examined. The sample included 82 Latino and Caucasian couples and one of their adolescents. Wives with low economic uncertainty experienced the greatest cortisol increase to a stressful discussion with their spouse, while wives with high economic uncertainty experienced a blunted cortisol response. Husbands with high economic uncertainty exhibited a low, unresponsive cortisol pattern. Wives who experienced elevated cortisol used more corumination and had low community support. The amount parents talked about their financial worries to their adolescent was not associated with the adolescent's mental health or biosocial markers, but the parents' economic uncertainty and corumination with each other were negatively associated with their own mental health. 相似文献
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This study examined bidirectional relationship between mothers' lax and overreactive discipline and children's misbehaviour and negative effect. We examined the moment‐to‐moment stability of mothers' and children's behaviours (actor effects) and mothers' and children's influence on their partners' subsequent behaviours (partner effects). Participants were 71 mothers and their 24‐ to 48‐month‐old children observed during a 30‐min interaction. Both children and mothers exhibited stability in their own behaviours and influenced the subsequent behaviours of their partners. Additionally, a comparison of partner effects indicated that overreactive discipline more strongly predicted child's negative effect than child's negative effect predicted overreactive discipline. In contrast, although a child's negative effect predicted lax discipline, lax discipline did not predict subsequent child's negative effect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
175.
Christopher A. Shields Lawrence R. Brawley Tamara I. Lindover 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(11):2785-2802
The primary purposes of this study were to examine whether the attribution–intention link was mediated by self-efficacy and whether the attribution–behavior link was mediated by self-efficacy. As a secondary purpose, we examined whether the attribution–behavior link was mediated by exercise intentions. These relationships were tested prospectively at multiple time points. Participants were 260 adult exercisers ( M age=32 years) enrolled in 12 weeks of structured exercise classes. Social cognitive measures were assessed at early and midprogram; attendance was tracked for the first and second half of the program. Hierarchical multiple regression procedures indicated support for self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between attributions and behavior. Secondary analyses revealed support for intention as a mediator of the attribution–behavior relationship. Finally, additive relationships in support of social cognitive theory also were detected. The attribution/self-efficacy/behavior link is important for adherence interventions and should be investigated further in both asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. 相似文献
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Co‐thought gestures in children's mental problem solving: Prevalence and effects on subsequent performance 下载免费PDF全文
Wim Pouw Tamara van Gog Rolf A. Zwaan Shirley Agostinho Fred Paas 《Applied cognitive psychology》2018,32(1):66-80
Co‐thought gestures are understudied as compared to co‐speech gestures yet, may provide insight into cognitive functions of gestures that are independent of speech processes. A recent study with adults showed that co‐thought gesticulation occurred spontaneously during mental preparation of problem solving. Moreover, co‐thought gesturing (either spontaneous or instructed) during mental preparation was effective for subsequent solving of the Tower of Hanoi under conditions of high cognitive load (i.e., when visual working memory capacity was limited and when the task was more difficult). In this preregistered study ( https://osf.io/dreks/ ), we investigated whether co‐thought gestures would also spontaneously occur and would aid problem‐solving processes in children (N = 74; 8–12 years old) under high load conditions. Although children also spontaneously used co‐thought gestures during mental problem solving, this did not aid their subsequent performance when physically solving the problem. If these null results are on track, co‐thought gesture effects may be different in adults and children. 相似文献
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Motor speed is an important indicator and predictor of both cognitive and physical function. One common assessment of motor
speed is the finger-tapping test (FTT), which is typically administered as part of a neurological or neuropsychological assessment.
However, the FTT suffers from several limitations, including infrequent in-person administration, the need for a trained assessor
and dedicated equipment, and potential short-term sensory–motor fatigue. In this article, we propose an alternative method
of measuring motor speed, with face validity to the FTT, that addresses these limitations by measuring the interkeystroke
intervals (IKI) of familiar and repeated login data collected in the home during a subject’s regular computer use. We show
significant correlations between the mean tapping speeds from the FTT and the median IKIs of the nondominant (r = .77) and dominant (r = .70) hands, respectively, in an elderly cohort of subjects living independently. Finally, we discuss how the proposed method
for measuring motor speed fits well into the framework of unobtrusive and continuous in-home assessment. 相似文献