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181.
182.
Wylie Eng Sarah Moore Leon Grunberg Edward Greenberg Pat Sikora 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):104-120
The current study examined how work support resources and working from home influenced forms of work-family conflict (WFC)
in employees at a large corporation. Scales measuring employee’s general WFC, time-based WFC, and strain-based WFC were used
to evaluate the extent to which employees experienced work-induced conflict at home. Two forms of working at home were assessed,
days worked at home and extra hours worked at home, and five variables measured the extent of one’s support resources: work
social support, organizational support, individual consideration from one’s manager, idealized influence from one’s manager
and contingent reward from one’s manager. We predicted that days worked at home would be negatively related to the three forms
of WFC, while the extra hours worked at home would be positively related. Moreover, we hypothesized that the five support
variables would moderate the relationship between extra hours worked at home and the types of WFC. The data supported some
of the predictions, and the implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
183.
What role do surface features (e.g., color) play in the establishment and maintenance of episodic representations of objects (object files)? Mitroff and Alvarez (2007) showed that stimuli that were linked by a continuous spatiotemporal history yielded object-specific preview benefits—a standard index of object files—whereas stimuli linked only by shared surface features did not. Here, it is shown that abruptly changing the features of an object that has been established on the basis of spatiotemporal history can disrupt object-specific preview benefits (Experiments 1 and 2). Moreover, under some conditions, feature match alone can give rise to the preview benefits (Experiment 3). These results indicate that surface features, as well as spatiotemporal factors, play an important role in establishing and maintaining episodic object representations. 相似文献
184.
Patti Tamara Lenard 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2010,13(3):315-332
Increasingly, western democratic countries are bearing witness to immigrant protest, that is, protest by immigrants who are
dissatisfied with their status in the host community. In protesting, the immigrants object to the ways in which various laws
and practices have proved to be obstacles to their full integration. Because immigrants, upon entering, have consented to
abide by the rules and regulations of the host state, it might be thought that these forms of civil disobedience are, effectively,
contract violations. Immigrants might therefore be thought to have a particularly stringent duty to abide by the laws of their
host state. This paper evaluates whether immigrants are indeed under a special duty to abide by the laws of their host state.
First, it suggests that it is useful — although incomplete — to apply the device of the ‘contract’ to understanding the relationship
between new immigrants and the host community. Second, it argues that there are limits to what can be demanded of and by immigrants
as well as of and by host communities. It then turns to offering principles that help to evaluate the motivations of immigrant
protestors, as well as that help guide their actions, when they believe that the community they have joined is treating them
unjustly. These principles suggest that immigrant protest actions are subject to the restriction that they do not undermine
the possibility of an inclusive democratic community. 相似文献
185.
The purpose was to test, among women, the relationship between negative self-schemas and styles of attachment with men and women and two types of appearance investment (Self-evaluative and Motivational Salience). Predominantly Caucasian undergraduate women (N = 194) completed a modified version of the Relationship Questionnaire, the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised. Linear multiple regression analyses were conducted with Motivational Salience and Self-evaluative Salience of appearance serving as dependent variables and relevant demographic variables, negative self-schemas, and styles of attachment to men serving as independent variables. Styles of attachment to women were not entered into these regression models because Pearson correlations indicated they were not related to either dependent variable. Self-evaluative Salience of appearance was related to impaired autonomy and performance negative self-schema and the preoccupation style of attachment with men, while Motivational Salience of appearance was related only to the preoccupation style of attachment with men. 相似文献
186.
Roberts B Glasberg BR Moore BC 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(4):992-1006
The tendency to hear a tone sequence as 2 or more streams (segregated) builds up, but a sudden change in properties can reset the percept to 1 stream (integrated). This effect has not hitherto been explored using an objective measure of streaming. Stimuli comprised a 2.0-s fixed-frequency inducer followed by a 0.6-s test sequence of alternating pure tones (3 low [L]-high [H] cycles). Listeners compared intervals for which the test sequence was either isochronous or the H tones were slightly delayed. Resetting of segregation should make identifying the anisochronous interval easier. The HL frequency separation was varied (0-12 semitones), and properties of the inducer and test sequence were set to the same or different values. Inducer properties manipulated were frequency, number of onsets (several short bursts vs. one continuous tone), tone:silence ratio (short vs. extended bursts), level, and lateralization. All differences between the inducer and the L tones reduced temporal discrimination thresholds toward those for the no-inducer case, including properties shown previously not to affect segregation greatly. Overall, it is concluded that abrupt changes in a sequence cause resetting and improve subsequent temporal discrimination. 相似文献
187.
Erin R. Foster Kevin J. Black Jo Ann V. Antenor-Dorsey Joel S. Perlmutter Tamara Hershey 《Brain and cognition》2008
Studies suggest motor deficit asymmetry may help predict the pattern of cognitive impairment in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). We tested this hypothesis using a highly validated and sensitive spatial memory task, spatial delayed response (SDR), and clinical and neuroimaging measures of PD asymmetry. We predicted SDR performance would be more impaired by PD-related changes in the right side of the brain than in the left. PD (n = 35) and control (n = 28) participants performed the SDR task. PD participants either had worse motor deficits on the right (RPD) or left (LPD) side of the body. Some participants also had magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of their substantia nigra (SN) volumes. The LPD group performed worse on the SDR task than the RPD and control groups. Right SN volume accounted for a unique and significant portion of the variance in SDR error, with smaller volume predicting poorer performance. In conclusion, left motor dysfunction and smaller right SN volume are associated with poorer spatial memory. 相似文献
188.
Prospective and positive mental imagery deficits in dysphoria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We know less about positive mental imagery than we do about negative mental imagery in depression. This study examined the relationship between depressed mood and the subjective experience of emotion in imagined events; specifically, prospective imagery, and imagery in response to emotionally ambiguous stimuli. One hundred and twenty-six undergraduates completed measures of depression, imagery vividness for future events, and a homograph interpretation task in which they generated images and subsequently rated image pleasantness and vividness. As predicted, compared to low dysphoria, high dysphoria was associated with poorer ability to vividly imagine positive (but not negative) future events. These findings were augmented by the observation that high dysphorics provided lower pleasantness ratings of images generated in response to homographs they interpreted as positive. We suggest that an imbalance in the inability to vividly imagine positive but not negative future events may curtail the ability of high dysphorics to be optimistic. High dysphoric individuals are further disadvantaged: even when they interpret ambiguity positively, the resulting images they generate are associated with less positive affect. Therapeutic strategies that address both such positive-specific imagery biases hold promise for depression treatment innovation. 相似文献
189.
Both researchers and practitioners need to know more about how laboratory treatment protocols translate to real-world practice settings and how clinical innovations can be systematically tested and communicated to a skeptical scientific community. The single-case time-series study is well suited to opening a productive discourse between practice and laboratory. The appeal of case-based time-series studies, with multiple observations both before and after treatment, is that they enrich our design palette by providing the discipline another way to expand its empirical reach to practice settings and its subject matter to the contingencies of individual change. This article is a user's guide to conducting empirically respectable case-based time-series studies in a clinical practice or laboratory setting. 相似文献
190.
Allen ES Rhoades GK Stanley SM Markman HJ Williams T Melton J Clements ML 《Family process》2008,47(2):243-259
Premarital precursors of infidelity were evaluated in a sample of 72 couples (N = 144) who were taking part in a longitudinal study of marriage. Premarital self-report and observational data were compared for couples who experienced infidelity and those who did not experience infidelity in the first years of marriage. Couples in which the male engaged in marital infidelity were characterized, premaritally, by significantly lower male sexual satisfaction, lower male positive communication, and higher female invalidation, whereas couples in which the female went on to engage in infidelity were characterized, premaritally, by significantly lower levels of female positive communication, higher levels of male and female negative communication, and higher levels of male and female invalidation. Implications of the findings for future research on the prediction and prevention of infidelity are discussed. 相似文献