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排序方式: 共有227条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Social Exclusion and the Transition from School to Work: The Case of Young People Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John BynnerSamantha Parsons 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2002,60(2):289-309
In the modern labor market what Côté (1996) describes as “identity capital”—comprising educational, social, and psychological resources—is at a premium in entering and maintaining employment. One consequence is the extension of education and training while young people acquire the qualifications and skills that will enhance their employability. In accordance with the perspective of life span developmental psychology, this places particular pressure on those young people growing up in disadvantaged circumstances and lacking support, especially when attempting to negotiate the transition from school to work. A particular policy concern in Britain has been directed at those young people who leave full-time education at the minimum age of 16 and then spend a substantial period not in education, employment, or training (NEET). This article reports the result of analyzing longitudinal data, collected for a subsample of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveyed at age 21, to model the relationship of NEET status to earlier educational achievement and circumstances and to assess the added difficulties NEET poses in relation to the building of adult identity capital. It is concluded that although poor educational achievement is the major factor in entering NEET, inner city living for boys and lack of parental interest in their education for girls are also important. For young men the consequences of NEET lie mainly in subsequent poor labor market experience. For young women, the majority of whom are teenage mothers, the damaging effects of NEET extend to the psychological domain as well. It is concluded that effective counseling targeted at high risk groups, along the lines of the new UK “ConneXions” service, are needed to help young people avoid the damaging effects of NEET and make a successful transition to adult life. 相似文献
82.
This experiment determined whether centrally administered glucose can attenuate scopolamine-induced deficits in spontaneous alternation performance. All rats were surgically prepared with indwelling cannulae directed at the lateral ventricle. Thirty min prior to alternation tests, rats received systemic (ip) injections of saline or scopolamine (3 mg/kg). Ten or thirty min prior to training, the rats also received a direct injection into the lateral ventricle of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or glucose (3 micrograms in 1 microliter). Scopolamine significantly impaired spontaneous alternation performance relative to controls. Additional treatment with ICV glucose 30 min, but not 10 min prior to testing, significantly attenuated the scopolamine-induced deficit. These results add support to the view that glucose acts directly on brain systems to attenuate behavioral effects of cholinergic antagonists. 相似文献
83.
Dennis H. Reid Marsha B. Parsons Carolyn W. Green Maureen M. Schepis 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(2):293-304
We evaluated the proficiency of the federal Medicaid program's survey process for evaluating intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded. In Study 1, an observational analysis of active treatment during leisure times in living units suggested that these surveys did not discriminate between certified and noncertified units. In Study 2, a reactivity analysis of a survey indicated that direct-care staff performed differently during the survey by increasing interactions with clients and decreasing nonwork behavior. Similarly, results of Study 3 showed increases in client access to leisure materials during a survey. In Study 4, questionnaire results indicated considerable variability among service providers' opinions on the consistency, accuracy, and objectivity with which survey teams determine agency standard compliance. Results are discussed regarding effects of the questionable proficiency of survey processes and the potential utility of behavioral assessment methodologies to improve such processes. 相似文献
84.
Eye movement reaction time (RT) was measured in simple and choice RT situations in which monaural tones were presented to the left or right ear. In the choice RT conditions, tones of one frequency signaled a left looking response and tones of another frequency signaled a right looking response. In the simple RT condition, tones were presented in 2 blocks signaling right or left looking responses. RTs were measured by electro-oculogram (EOG), with electrodes placed over the outer canthus of each eye. In the choice RT condition, oculomotor RTs were faster when the tones signaling right or left looking were presented in the ears corresponding to the direction of looking than when they occured in the opposite ear. No such correspondence was present in the simple RT condition. Ss also performed a manual choice RT task. The lateral stimulus- response (S-R) compatibility effects obtained confirmed previous findings and were of the same magnitude as those obtained in the oculomotor response modality. Asymmetry in correlations between oculomotor and manual compatibility effects suggests differential hemispheric mediation. 相似文献
85.
86.
87.
Terence Parsons 《Synthese》1970,21(3-4):320-334
This paper consists principally of selections from a much longer work on the semantics of English. It discusses some problems concerning how to represent grammatical modifiers (e.g. slowly in x drives slowly) in a logically perspicuous notation. A proposal of Reichenbach's is given and criticized; then a new theory (apparently discovered independently by myself, Romain Clark, and Richard Montague and Hans Kamp) is given, in which grammatical modifiers are represented by operators added to a first-order predicate calculus. Finally some problems concerning applications of adjectives to that-clauses and gerundive-clauses are discussed. 相似文献
88.
89.
Richard L. Port Patricia W. Parsons Kathleen S. Curtis Kevin S. Seybold 《Current Psychology》1990,9(4):323-332
The hippocampal formation is a highly delineated brain structure that is believed to play a prominent role in learning and
memory. The present experiment evaluated the contributions of medial and lateral perforant path input to bar press-conditioning
under (a) continuous and (b) differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) schedules, and (c) shuttlebox avoidance
conditioning. Bilateral deafferentation of either pathway had no effect on the acquisition of bar press responses or on performance
under the DRL schedule. Deafferentation of the medial pathway facilitated acquisition of avoidance responses in a manner much
like the effects seen in hippocampectomized animals. It is suggested that the medial perforant path participates in the expression
of correlated patterns of neuronal discharge known to develop within the hippocampus and that this “model” serves to modulate
the temporal characteristics of simple conditioned reflexes. Loss of the modulatory influence of the model may affect acquisition
and extinction rates. Contributions of other hippocampal circuits are discussed in relation to established deficits.
Preliminary results of this experiment were presented at the second annual convention of the American Psychological Society,
Dallas, Texas, June 1990. 相似文献
90.
Richard L. Port Patricia W. Parsons Kathleen S. Curtis Kevin S. Seybold 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1990,9(4):323-332
The hippocampal formation is a highly delineated brain structure that is believed to play a prominent role in learning and
memory. The present experiment evaluated the contributions of medial and lateral perforant path input to bar press-conditioning
under (a) continuous and (b) differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) schedules, and (c) shuttlebox avoidance
conditioning. Bilateral deafferentation of either pathway had no effect on the acquisition of bar press responses or on performance
under the DRL schedule. Deafferentation of the medial pathway facilitated acquisition of avoidance responses in a manner much
like the effects seen in hippocampectomized animals. It is suggested that the medial perforant path participates in the expression
of correlated patterns of neuronal discharge known to develop within the hippocampus and that this “model” serves to modulate
the temporal characteristics of simple conditioned reflexes. Loss of the modulatory influence of the model may affect acquisition
and extinction rates. Contributions of other hippocampal circuits are discussed in relation to established deficits.
Preliminary results of this experiment were presented at the second annual convention of the American Psychological Society,
Dallas, Texas, June 1990. 相似文献