'Wholly Present' Defined

Three‐dimensionalists, sometimes referred to as endurantists, think that objects persist through time by being “wholly present” at every time they exist. But what is it for something to be wholly present at a time? It is surprisingly difficult to say. the three‐dimensionalist is free, of course, to take ‘is wholly present at’ as one of her theory's primitives, but this is problematic for at least one reason: some philosophers claim not to understand her primitive. Clearly the three‐dimensionalist would be better off if she could state her theory in terms accessible to all. We think she can. What is needed is a definition of ‘is wholly present at’ that all can understand, in this paper, we offer one.     

A Framework for Understanding the Wounding of Healers

This article presents a theoretical framework that outlines the process whereby mental health practitioners become “wounded healers” through interactions in their work and training environments. Critical incident constructs are defined and explored. A framework for evaluating incidents is offered, and authority responses to a critical incident are discussed.     

THE EFFECT OF CORRELATED ARTIFACTS AND TRUE VALIDITY ON THE ACCURACY OF PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN VALIDITY GENERALIZATION

The effect of non-zero intercorrelations among the three artifacts (criterion reliability, predictor reliability, and range restriction on the predictor) and true validity on the accuracy of estimation in two validity generalization models (Model 1and Model 2) was investigated. Only the Thylor Series Approximation 1(TSA1) procedure from Model 1 and the procedure with complete sample-based artifact data from Model 2 were included in this study. Six intercorrelation conditions (zero, low positive, medium positive, low negative, low negative and positive, and medium negative and positive) and two distributions of artifacts were used in this investigation. The two major conclusions from this study are: (a) Both models yielded reasonably accurate estimates of the mean of true validities (M_ρ) and (b) only Model 2 produced accurate estimates of the variance of true validities (V_ρ). The need for additional research for accurately estimating V_ρ when the three artifacts and true validity are correlated is recommended.     

Family Dynamics and Substance Abuse: A Preliminary Study

The authors discuss family patterns of interaction that are thought to contribute to the maintenance of substance abuse. Preliminary research findings pertaining to the interaction patterns are also presented. The data suggest that these families are often highly interdependent, that in about 50% of the cases they ideally desire some sort of triangulation between parents and offspring, and that in about 50% of the cases they have or are working toward a hierarchical reversal. Therefore, in addition to evaluating characteristics of the substance abuser, the authors recommend that counselors consider the nature of relationships within the client's family of origin.