Moderation in the actor–partner interdependence model

Potential moderators of effects in the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) include variables that vary within dyads, between dyads, or both between and within dyads (i.e., mixed moderators). Another factor in the moderation of the APIM is whether dyads are indistinguishable (e.g., same‐sex friendship pairs) or distinguishable (e.g., heterosexual couples). For each possibility, what are the potential moderator effects (up to 8), how they might be estimated and tested, and how they can be interpreted are discussed. Submodels are also presented, based on patterns of moderation of the actor and partner effects, which are statistically simpler, more conceptually meaningful, and more powerful in testing moderator effects. Example analyses illustrate the recommended steps involved in an APIM moderation analysis.     

The Annunciation and Nativity: Undoing the Sinful Act of Eve

Employing the writings of Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) and Bonaventure (1217–1274), I will first examine the theology of the Annunciation. I will examine the Annunciation through the specific hermeneutical lens employed by Bernard and Bonaventure themselves, that is, the mystery of the Annunciation can only be clearly perceived and properly understood when it is viewed as the undoing of the sinful work of Eve. Moreover, I want to argue that, since the Annunciation is the foundational Marian mystery, all other mysteries pertaining to Mary must equally be viewed through this same hermeneutical lens, that is, as the undoing of Eve's sinful act. With this principle in mind, I will conclude by attempting to advance the thought of Bernard and Bonaventure, in a manner that they did not, with regards to the Nativity, that is, that the Nativity must also be seen as the undoing of the sinful action of Eve.     

Coach Commitment and Burnout: A One-Year Follow-Up

This study is a one-year follow-up to Raedeke, Granzyk, and Warren's (2000) Raedeke, T. D., Granzyk, T. L. and Warren, A. 2000. Why coaches experience burnout: A commitment perspective. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22: 85–105. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] study on coach burnout from a commitment perspective and was designed to examine whether changes in the theoretical determinants of commitment related to changes in the exhaustion dimension of burnout and commitment level. For this study, 141 swim coaches completed a mail survey two-times one year apart that assessed commitment determinants (i.e., satisfaction, benefits, costs, investments, alternative options, and social constraints), feelings of exhaustion, and commitment. Based on static scores, results revealed that a majority (64%) of coaches were assigned to the same commitment profile at Time 1 and Time 2. From a longitudinal perspective, cluster analysis revealed three coach profiles reflecting increasing attraction to coaching, increasing signs of entrapment, and decreasing coaching interest based on commitment model variables. Subsequent MANOVA results revealed a cluster by time interaction for both exhaustion and commitment. Coaches with characteristics suggesting increased entrapment showed the largest increase in exhaustion whereas those with decreased coaching interest had the lowest commitment.     

Analysis of group composition in multimember multigroup data

Data from groups often have a multimember multigroup (MMMG) structure. Examples are two‐parent families with a female or male child (three members, two groups), two same‐gender and opposite‐gender peers of different status (two members, four groups), or gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples (two members, three groups). To analyze such data, a framework called MMMG actor–partner interdependence model (MMMG APIM) is presented considering group composition. Three models are discussed in detail: the three‐member two‐group APIM, the two‐member four‐group APIM, and the two‐member three‐group APIM. Structural equation modeling and cross‐sectional and longitudinal data are used to illustrate the approach. To ease the interpretation of APIM findings, a proposal of a general classification scheme is made.     

PREDICTORS OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE CAREER SUCCESS: A META-ANALYSIS

Using the contest- and sponsored-mobility perspectives as theoretical guides, this meta-analysis reviewed 4 categories of predictors of objective and subjective career success: human capital, organizational sponsorship, sociodemographic status, and stable individual differences. Salary level and promotion served as dependent measures of objective career success, and subjective career success was represented by career satisfaction. Results demonstrated that both objective and subjective career success were related to a wide range of predictors. As a group, human capital and sociodemographic predictors generally displayed stronger relationships with objective career success, and organizational sponsorship and stable individual differences were generally more strongly related to subjective career success. Gender and time (date of the study) moderated several of the relationships examined.