Verbal Aggression in Marriages A Comparison of Violent,Distressed but Nonviolent,and Nondistressed Couples

This study examines verbal aggression in the disputes of abusive couples. Verbal aggression is defined as both a predispositional trait and a relational pattern, so it is viewed within a system theory framework. Specifically, the study considers the relationship between verbal aggression and marital distress, the level of agreement between couples in reporting their verbally aggressive behavior, and the level and type of reciprocity in their verbal aggression. A sample of 82 couples representing violent, nonviolent distressed, and nondistressed relationships completed self-report instruments on verbal aggression and argumentativeness for themselves and their spouses and marital satisfactionfor themselves. Results show that abusive couples experience less marital satisfaction, less accurately recall each other's behavior, and have significant reciprocity in their verbal aggression compared to nonviolent distressed and nondistressed couples.     

Item Desirability Effects in Compliance-Gaining Research Seven Studies Documenting Artifacts in the Strategy Selection Procedure

A popular method for assessing compliance-gaming behavior involves having people rate lists of preformulated message strategies for likelihood of use. This “selection procedure” has been employed much more frequently than the alternative “construction procedure,” a method that requires people to generate their own message strategies. The present article argues that the selection procedure is much less sensitive than the construction procedure to the effects of situational and individual-difference variables on compliance-gaining behavior. The article further suggests that the insensitivity of the selection procedure is due to a type of social desirability bias known as the item desirability effect. Seven studies were carried out testing the Marwell and Schmitt (1967) and Wiseman and Schenk-Hamlin (1 981) strategy checklists for the item desirability effect. These studies found that (a) the likelihood of use ratings prouided for the strategies on both checklists could be accurately predicted by the rated social appropriateness of the strategies, (b) likelihood of use ratingsfor preforrnulated strategies haue relatively poor reliability, and (c) the construction procedure is much less susceptible to social desirability biases than the selection procedure. On the basis of these and related findings, it is recommended that researchers eschew the use of strategy checklists in future research.     

国内外医疗机构对不孕症患者伦理教育比较研究

通过对国内外医疗机构的不孕症患者伦理教育现状比较研究,发现我国不孕症患者伦理教育滞后于发达国家,伦理教育方面的研究资料较少.我国在不孕症患者的健康教育和心理辅导方面有一定的研究基础,其中涵盖少量伦理教育的内容,但尚未形成较完整的不孕症患者伦理教育的系统论述,伦理教育的途径和方法比较匮乏,也未形成比较完善的教育与管理模式.     

梁漱溟对中西人生模式的比较研究:其儒学复兴的逻辑基础

梁漱溟首先从人生态度的差异、生活方式的异同、个性伸展与否、社会性发达与否等方面全面比较了中西两大人生模式的异同,接着分别揭示了中西两大人生模式所面临的严峻挑战,在此基础上阐述了他对"以‘刚’的态度,过‘仁’的生活"的所谓孔子理性人生模式的建构,从而为其儒学复兴理论奠定了逻辑基础。     

An Interpersonal Communication Perspective on Images of Political Candidates

Much of the research dealing with the relationship between candidate images and candidate preferences has attempted to assess dimensions of the candidate's image that are relatively “personal” in nature. By and large, most of this research focuses on static traits—for example, aspects of the candidate's persona relating to such dimensions as warmth, attractiveness, or dynamism. In contrast, the current study attempts to assess the degree to which candidate preferences are significantly associated with observable behavior. This was done by asking respondents to evaluate Ronald Reagan and Walter Mandate with an instrument normally used to assess elements of interpersonal communication. It was found that communication behavior ratings of Reagan and Mandate significantly predicted differential preferences for these candidates, even after controlling for the respondents’ political orientations.