状态相似性与流量限制模型

在可能世界语义中,如果根据是否含有模态算子而将一个点上为真的公式分为两类,那么可以认为不含模态算子的公式描述的是当前点的信息,其它公式描述的是其它点的信息,以及当前点与其它点的关系。通过对不同点上命题真值指派的比较,我们可以在可能世界语义模型上定义出一种状态相似性。本文构造了三类刻画状态相似性的模型,并给出了分别刻画其中两类模型的完全的系统。本文最后讨论这些模型在时态逻辑和信念逻辑中的应用。     

Smoking among New Yorican adolescents: time 1 predictors of time 2 tobacco use

The authors identified longitudinal relationships between early risk and protective factors from the domains of family, personality, and peer influences and later tobacco use in Puerto Rican adolescents living in New York. Aspects of the ethnic minority experience as moderators of familial risk and protective factors were investigated. Participants were 282 female and 276 male Puerto Rican adolescents interviewed twice, 5 years apart. The authors used hierarchical regression analyses to identify a model with direct and indirect paths. Family, personality, peer, and early smoking domains were directly related to later adolescent smoking. Partial mediation occurred. The authors identified risk-protective and protective-protective interactions between variables from the ethnic minority experience and family domains. Interventions to reduce smoking among Puerto Rican adolescents should focus on multiple contexts, including aspects of the ethnic minority experience.     

数学证明:数学真理的来源?

对于一个数学实在论者来说,一个特别急迫的任务是回答数学证明是如何建立起关于数学对象的真理性问题。本文批判性考察由Resnik所提出的认知解答,指出了其中不成立的前提。并且在此基础上提出我们自己的解答,它是基于由Oliver．G所提倡的方面(aspects)概念而来的社会——论辩方案。     

学习效能感、自我决定动机对学业期望的作用:基于统合模型的分析

研究整群抽样山东某高中高二学生500人,通过统合模型分析自我决定动机在学习效能感预测学业期望中的作用.结果表明,学习效能感—自我决定动机—学业期望的模型与数据拟合良好,学生的学习效能感可以通过自我决定动机,正向预测其学业期望,自我决定动机在学习效能感和学业期望中起中介作用,非自我决定动机不能预测学业期望.说明学习效能感...     

Why Strawson’s Basic Argument Is Not Impressive: an Answer from Frankfurt,Christman and Ekstrom

Philosophia - Galen Strawson defends his pessimist position with his famous “Basic Argument”. He attempts to prove that no agent can meet the demands for the ultimate moral...     

“We” are Different: Exploring the Diverse Effects of Friend and Family Accessibility on Consumers' Product Preferences

Prior research suggests that close friends and family members exert similar effects on consumer behavior because both represent strong social ties and are subject to communal norms. However, drawing on regulatory focus theory, we postulate that accessibility of friend and family can have divergent impacts on consumers' subsequent purchase decisions. Across four experiments, as well as a pilot study, we demonstrate that accessibility of friend (vs. family) is more likely to activate a promotion focus, which results in more favorable consumer responses toward products with promotion‐focused appeals, whereas accessibility of family (vs. friend) is more likely to activate a prevention focus, which leads to more positive consumer responses toward products with prevention‐focused appeals.     

疼痛背景下时距知觉的变化

时距知觉指对数百毫秒到数个小时时长的知觉, 是日常生活中许多活动的基础。时距知觉受到相当多因素的影响, 如唤醒、注意、动机等。疼痛是一种多维度的心理及生理现象, 包含有感觉分辨、情绪动机、认知评价三个成分。近期研究证明时距知觉会在疼痛背景下发生改变。疼痛背景下时距知觉的相关研究主要涉及三个方面：(1)健康被试对疼痛面孔的时距知觉; (2)实验室诱发疼痛对健康被试时距知觉的影响; (3)临床疼痛患者的时距知觉变化。探索疼痛背景下时距知觉的变化, 可以为理解疼痛的发生发展机制以及时间知觉的机制提供一个新视角。     

祖辈共同养育模式下幼儿母子依恋对问题行为的影响：祖孙依恋的中介作用

采用幼儿依恋量表和儿童行为量表（Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL）测量265名祖辈共同养育幼儿的母子依恋、祖孙依恋和问题行为的情况,考察祖辈共同养育幼儿的祖孙依恋在母子依恋与问题行为的中介作用。结果发现：（1）祖辈共同养育幼儿的母子依恋与祖孙依恋呈显著正相关,幼儿的母子依恋与内化问题行为、外化问题行为呈显著负相关,幼儿的祖孙依恋与内化问题行为、外化问题行为呈显著负相关;（2）祖辈共同养育幼儿的祖孙依恋完全中介母子依恋对内化问题行为、外化问题行为的影响。     

家庭寄养和孤残儿童的社会适应能力发展

本研究运用儿童适应行为评定量表．对上海市的70名家庭寄养及31名在院的孤残儿童进行了测量。结果表明;家庭寄养有助于孤残儿童的适应能力的发展,而且传统的隔离式孤残儿童养育方式向融合式转变是成功的;孤残儿盘的寄养年龄越小．其适应能力越好,也越有利于安置的成功。     

罗夏墨迹技术的近期发展与争论

综合系统在罗夏墨迹技术（RIM）的标准化、客观化方面取得了很大的成功,但仍有一些批评者对它的信度、效度、常模与标准化等问题提出了质疑,作者们对这些争论的焦点问题进行了系统的回顾。总结有关的元分析和实验研究,发现RIM的多数核心变量都有较好的评分者信度和跨时间稳定性,只有心理状态变量的信度较低。以往的整体元分析和局部元分析都发现RIM不逊于其他测验。这些结果表明RIM在临床疾病诊断,外显行为预测方面都是有价值的。与其他 测验一样,RIM也有其优势与不足,在应用中应与其他测验互补