工作记忆、语境限制强度和句子长度对二语词汇学习的影响

本研究选取初二、高二、大三三个年龄段的被试,考察在句子阅读过程中,工作记忆容量、语境限制强度和句子长度对第二语言词汇学习的影响。研究结果发现,在句子阅读条件下,工作记忆容量是影响第二语言词汇学习的重要因素,高工作记忆容量促进了第二语言词汇的学习;在中等和长句子的条件下,语境的限制性越强,词汇学习的成绩越好;相比初二年龄组被试,高二和大三年龄组被试,在低语境限制性的情况下,阅读的句子越长,第二语言词汇学习效果越差。研究结果说明,个体工作记忆的容量,以及阅读材料等变量,都是影响自然阅读条件下二语词汇学习的重要因素。     

北京某肿瘤医院肿瘤心理门诊10年就诊分析

回顾2010—2019年北京大学肿瘤医院肿瘤心理科患者构成、患者特征和门诊处方的变化情况,发现10年间,肿瘤心理门诊患者就诊人次为37885,年就诊量逐年增长,高于该医院的门诊增长率。就诊患者中前五位常见癌症为肺癌、乳腺癌、直肠癌、结肠癌和胃癌。就诊患者中乳腺癌比例下降,肺癌和胃肠道肿瘤比例上升。患者因疼痛就诊的比例逐渐增加;处方镇痛药物联合精神科用药的比例增高,从84.4%上升到91.8%;治疗失眠的药物使用频率高,为35.9%。可见,恶性肿瘤患者对肿瘤心理服务的需求不断增加,肿瘤心理门诊在疼痛等症状管理方面具有优势。

     

异体手移植几个问题的讨论

异体手移植的临床开展是自体断肢再植技术和免疫学研究发展的结晶,是异体器官移植领域内新的突破,为手缺失患者带来了重新获得新手的希望。但目前异体手移植技术尚不成熟,能否在免疫抑制剂作用下获得长期存活尚不确定。在远期疗效尚未肯定的情况下,建议加强医生自身修养和伦理道德教育,规定由少数具备条件的单位大力开展异体手移植的基础及临床研究,达到既保护患者利益,又能保证异体手移植技术顺利走向成熟,最终广泛应用于临床,造福于人类。     

农村重点高中学生学校人际关系状况的调查研究

采用《中学生师生关系测验问卷》和《中学生同学关系测验问卷》对随机选取的1120名苏北农村省级重点高中生进行测试。结果发现：绝大多数高中生的师生关系、同学关系是良好的和一般的,师生关系较差的只有6%左右,同学关系较差的却有20%左右;师生关系和同学关系都存在着显著的年级差异和性别差异。     

积极情绪影响任务转换的性别和发展特点

情绪研究中的性别和年龄因素一直是不容忽视的问题.已有研究表明,积极情绪能够提高认知的灵活性,任务转换是认知灵活性的主要成分.本研究以52名大学生3、6名高中生4、5名初中生为被试考察积极情绪影响任务转换的发展变化和性别差异.结果发现,对于女性,积极情绪促进任务转换的现象,在三个年龄段上具有发展上的稳定性;对于男性,只在初中阶段表现出此特点,在高中阶段和大学阶段,积极情绪促进任务转换的现象不再明显.     

Temporal Coding in Pavlovian Conditioning: Hall-Pearce Negative Transfer

The Hall-Pearce (1979) negative transfer effect in rats was used to examine whether temporal relationships are coded as part of the informational content of associations that result from CS-US pairings. The transfer effect consists of adeficit in conditioned responding following CS-US pairings in Phase 2 that results from prior CS-US pairings in Phase 1. strong weak Using conditioned bar-press suppression, we found that gaps of different duration between CS termination and US onset in the two training phases resulted in less of a Hall-Pearce negative transfer effect than did an equivalent gap in the twotraining phases. The results are discussed with respect tothe temporal coding hypothesis (Matzel, Held, &Miller, 1988), the Pearce and Hall (1980) model, and Bouton's (1993) interference model.     

The influence of induced mood on music preference

The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of different self-centered moods on music preference without listening to music. Participants’ affective state (sad vs. happy vs. neutral) were experimentally manipulated through the mood induction procedure, and then their preferences for music were ascertained through self-reports. To understand participants’ internal motivations for their choices, we also asked them to indicate how appropriate he/she felt it would be to select the different music types as well as why they made such choices. Results suggested that participants in a sad mood were inclined to listen to sad (and slow) music, those in a happy mood preferred to listen to happy (and fast) music, and those in a neutral mood did not consistently prefer to listen to neutral music. In addition, participants were averse to sad music when they were in a happy or neutral mood; while they showed no aversion to happy music when they were in a sad mood. In conclusion, individuals select valence-consistent music when they are in an autobiographical memory-induced mood state.     

Transitions in sleep problems from late adolescence to young adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of the effects of peer victimization

Adolescence is a developmental period with high vulnerability to sleep problems. However, research identifying distinct patterns and underlying determinants of sleep problems is scarce. This study investigated discrete subgroups of, changes in, and stability of sleep problems. We also examined whether peer victimization influenced sleep problem subgroups and transitions in patterns of sleep problems from late adolescence to young adulthood. Sex differences in the effects of peer victimization were also explored. In total, 1,455 male and 1,399 female adolescents from northern Taiwan participated in this longitudinal study. Latent transition analysis was used to examine changes in patterns of sleep problems and the effects of peer victimization on these changes. We identified three subgroups of sleep problems in males and two in females, and found that there was a certain level of instability in patterns of sleep problems during the study period. For both sexes, those with greater increases in peer victimization over time were more likely to change from being a good sleeper to a poor sleeper. The effects of peer victimization on baseline status of sleep problems, however, was only significant for males, with those exposed to higher levels of peer victimization more likely to be poor sleepers at baseline. Our findings reveal an important role of peer victimization in predicting transitions in patterns of sleep problems. Intervention programs aimed at decreasing peer victimization may help reduce the development and escalation of sleep problems among adolescents, especially in males.