多学科聚焦人格障碍

从心理学、医学、哲学和伦理学的角度看,人格障碍这一变态心理学概念表现得相当复杂和模糊.从心理学角度看,人格障碍的本质是个体性格的多重性和矛盾性以及自我意识障碍及特殊的认知结构和行为模式.从医学模式疾病的六要素(病因、发病机制、临床表现、分类、诊断与治疗)看,人格障碍作为一个疾病单元基本不成立.从哲学角度看,人格障碍的哲学本质是患者主体价值世界与意义系统的紊乱.从伦理学角度看,人格障碍的一些特殊行为模式表现主要是违背了当时社会文化背景下的伦理规则和法律体系.     

1型糖尿病免疫调节治疗:愿望与现实

1型糖尿病动物模型干预研究显示有效阻断β细胞自身免疫性损伤可阻止或逆转新发生的糖尿病.已完成的临床免疫调节干预研究的结果并不令人满意,目前有数百项I、II期临床阶段的干预试验研究在招募或进行中.早期临床试验发现长期服用T细胞抑制剂环孢素A可提高新诊断1型糖尿病的缓解率,但是由于担心其长期服用所致的肾毒性等不良反应,终止了其在1型糖尿病治疗中的进一步应用.目前针对1型糖尿病免疫调节治疗主要集中在抗原特异性(胰岛素、谷氨酸脱羧酶65)、抗原非特异性(抗淋巴细胞单克隆抗体)免疫调节治疗和促进β细胞新生等措施方面,这三大类措施的联合应用有可能实现更有效的干预效果和较低的毒副作用.目前针对1型糖尿病的三级预防临床研究的现实意义较一、二级预防研究更大,可在较短时间内、花费更少的资金和精力获得更有效的干预措施,而这些试验的成功更加有利于一、二级1型糖尿病的预防.寻找更准确的1型糖尿病发病预测和评价干预效果的方法是成功探索1型糖尿病干预手段的关键之处.     

视频材料诱发情绪的效果评价

该文对预期可诱发快乐、愤怒、厌恶和恐惧4种具体情绪以及中性状态的视频材料进行效果评价,探讨此类情绪诱发材料的应用价值。首先参照James.J.Gross量化评定情绪电影片段的方法收集和粗选视频材料,再以大学生为被试,使用情绪主观报告法评价视频的情绪诱发效果。结果表明,所选的大部分视频材料情绪诱发效果较好,表现为靶情绪诱发强度、分化度和区分度均比较理想。研究证明视频材料可以成功诱发个体产生具体情绪,具有较强的应用价值。     

自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略

微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移.微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路.     

我国医学教育亟需死亡教育补课

随着社会的进步、精神文明水平的提高和医学人文的呼唤,死亡教育将备受关注.通过介绍国内、外死亡教育发展现状,从我国当前的社会形势、医学教育、临床现状和医学生职业特殊性说明在我国医学教育中进行死亡教育补课之必要性;最后着重分析了在我国开展死亡教育存在的问题.     

The Role of Leader Morality in the Interaction Effect of Procedural Justice and Outcome Favorability

The present research explored the role of leader morality in the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability, and attempted to connect justice and morality construct in a new direction. Two studies in different settings and using different designs (a scenario experiment and a survey) yielded convergent results. When leader morality was high, the interaction effect of procedural justice and outcome favorability was significant, and fair procedures mitigated the negative effect of low outcome favorability. When leader morality was low, however, the interaction between procedural justice and outcome favorability was absent.     

图形的信息编码与表征

图形的信息加工有别于其他视觉信息,主要体现在编码与表征两个方面。图形信息的编码方式和编码时间取决于图形的特征及其复杂性,在此基础上,研究者们分别提出了细节编码模型和范畴编码模型。图形信息表征的几种水平反映了图形信息的编码特性。图形的颜色和形状既可以联合表征,也可以分开表征,这取决于任务的要求。图形其他特征的表征形式还有待于进一步研究。     

Relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions

We investigated relationship between Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions in 180 children, aged 5–6 years old. We examined the potential differences in second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding between children with and without ICs, children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships, as well as children with invisible friends and personified objects. The results revealed that children with ICs had better second-order false belief understanding and emotion understanding than children without ICs. Compared with children with hierarchical relationships, children with egalitarian relationships had better second-order false belief understanding. However, children with invisible friends and personified objects did not differ on their understanding of second-order false beliefs and emotions. The results suggest that compared with IC types, IC status and child-IC relationship qualities may be more relevant to children's theory of mind. It will be interesting for the future researchers to investigate the underlying mechanism of the differences between children with egalitarian IC relationships and hierarchical IC relationships.     

Countably Many Weakenings of Belnap–Dunn Logic

Studia Logica - Every Berman’s variety $$\mathbb {K}_p^q$$ which is the subvariety of Ockham algebras defined by the equation $${\sim ^{2p+q}}a = {\sim ^q}a$$ ($$p\ge 1$$ and $$q\ge 0$$)...     

王船山实践观的近代影响——以维新派谭嗣同、梁启超为例

王船山的实践观,既赓续了先秦时期即身显道特质,也继承了湖湘学派"学贵力行""致知力行互相发"的传统,同时受到明清之际西学东渐的影响,将实践的内容渐渐拓展到了自然科学的领域.谭嗣同运用船山的易学、实学并融合西方自然科学理论来构建哲学思想,梁启超吸收了船山思想中的实证主义因素,形成了"求是"与"求实"的科学实践观.从对维新...