The Problem of Confucian Moral Cultivation and Its Solution: Using Ritual Propriety to Support Rule by Law

Thinking about the decline of morality in post-reform China,the author analyzes the development of virtuous governance based on moral education,and concludes that the reason why ancient rulers were so infatuated with it was the inhibitive function of public evaluation on moral transgressions in familiar neighborhoods.However,as China transforms into a dynamic and commercial society,and its people move from familiar neighborhoods to alienated communities in the cities,public evaluation is losing its power over moral transgressors.To prevent the collapse of the moral system,it is necessary to use rule by law to foster people's sense of justice and rule-consciousness-not to simply hope for the appearance of more altruists.This is possible because law is the embodiment of moral principle,and because legal restraints and penalties can be internalized as habits.After a sense of justice and rule-consciousness has been established in people,we can again take up Confucian virtue education to nurture people's sense of shame and dignity,and their humane and righteous mind.However,to stop the current chaos and corruption,it is urgent that we adopt rule by law and supplement it with moral education.     

Political Implications of Confucian Familism

The family could be mobilized as a political resource for economic ‘development’. What kind of family would be compatible with a knowledge-based economy? We argue that authoritarian Confucian familism is incompatible with the knowledge-based economy; but it is possible to construct a different model of the ideal Confucian family which will be compatible with such an economy: a family ideal that emphasizes internal strengths of relationships rather than building barriers to keep out ‘undesirable influences’, that advocates a respect for authority that is authoritative rather than authoritarian.     

国际关系的伦理审视

探讨国际关系伦理,明确战争的正义性和非正义性,以避免战争,尽量减少战争带来的伤亡,维护世界和平;各国要相互尊重,平等地开展国际合作,共同发展,实现世界的共同繁荣;南北国家要加强交流与合作,寻求最佳的结合点,共同致力于全球的可持续发展;最后,各国必须以伦理道德为依托来解决国际人权问题,必须承认人权的普遍性和多样性,确立一个同纷繁复杂的文化多样性相协调的普遍的最低道德标准。     

同伴冲突解决的干预训练对小学儿童合作的影响

本研究通过对小学儿童进行为期六周的冲突解决六步法干预训练,探讨培养合作的有效手段和途径.结果表明,实验班被试与控制班被试相比,他们在假想情境中的冲突解决策略水平有了显著提高;问卷调查和对教师的访谈显示,实验班被试能将解决冲突的高水平策略迁移到现实生活中.事实证明,同伴冲突解决六步法能提高小学儿童解决假想情境和实际生活中同伴冲突的策略水平;“六步法”的干预训练是培养儿童合作的行之有效的干预方法.     

口腔科医疗收费要坚持以病人为本

2004年重庆市新的医疗收费制度实行后,口腔科针对新的收费标准和口腔科治疗项目费用上涨的收费现实,坚持以病人为中心,一方面严格执行新的收费精神,同时采取各种灵活和变通的收费措施,为病人着想,尽可能减轻病人负担。两年多来的实践取得了良好的社会效益,获得病人和家属的好评。     

Does a self management intervention lower distress in woman diagnosed with breast cancer?1

Psychological distress is particularly common with any cancer diagnosis. This paper examined the psychological distress in a cohort of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and postulates on the underlying theory. A longitudinal study of a cohort of women (n = 147) diagnosed with breast cancer (within the past 1 year), was conducted at University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Data were collected at baseline and at post 4‐week intervention. Analysis of variance was conducted to examine for any significant differences in the change‐scores between the experimental group (n = 69) and the control group (n = 78). Using the change scores, analyses of variance showed significant differences between groups for stress, F(1, 140) = 13.68, p < .0001, anxiety F(1, 140) = 8.44, p < .004, and depression, F(1, 140) = 11.57, p < .0001. Levels of stress, anxiety and depression generally decreased significantly in the experimental groups, p < .05, but either maintained or increased in the control group. This study indicates that the level of psychological distress of women with breast cancer can be ameliorated with a 4‐week self‐management intervention. Lower stress levels were also found in women who reported engagement in higher physical activity than women with low physical activity.     

阅读方式和学习次数对中文词汇的产生效应的影响

产生效应是指朗读单词的记忆成绩要好于默读单词的。目前存在特异观和强度观两种理论解释,特异观强调朗读的相对特殊性,强度观强调朗读单词的编码强度高于默读单词的。为了检验两种理论,本研究采用“学习-再认”的实验范式,将阅读方式分别设置为被试内和被试间变量,通过两项实验考察阅读方式和学习次数对中文词汇的产生效应的影响。实验1采用被试内设计考察阅读方式和学习次数对产生效应的影响。结果发现阅读方式和学习次数的主效应显著,二者的交互作用不显著。实验2将阅读方式设置为被试间变量,采用混合设计考察阅读方式和学习次数对产生效应的影响。结果发现学习次数的主效应显著,阅读方式的主效应和二者的交互作用不显著。结果表明产生效应未随着项目编码强度的增强而增强,支持特异观。     

亲子依恋和师生关系对留守儿童内化问题的影响：同伴依恋的中介作用

为探究亲子依恋和师生关系对留守儿童内化问题的延时影响及同伴依恋在其中的中介作用,采用亲子依恋问卷、同伴依恋问卷、师生关系量表及长处与困难问卷对604名小学三年级留守儿童进行间隔半年的两次问卷调查。结果表明：师生关系负向预测留守儿童内化问题,父子依恋和母子依恋对内化问题的预测均不显著;同伴依恋在亲子依恋和师生关系与留守儿童内化问题之间均起中介作用。     

腹腔镜全子宫切除术学习曲线探讨

为探讨腹腔镜下全子宫切除术学习曲线,收集我院自2011年6月至2012年6月由同一组医师连续开展最初50例腹腔镜下全子宫切除术病例,以每10例为一个手术阶段,分析记录其平均手术时间、出血量、并发症情况等.结果显示成功施行腹腔镜全子宫切除术50例,各组病例在年龄、BMI、既往有无腹部手术史等一般情况比较无明显差异.不同阶段术中出血量、手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);进一步两两比较结果显示,第1阶段与第3、4、5阶段术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义,第2阶段与第3、4、5阶段术中出血量比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各阶段术中出血量无明显差异(P＞0.05).第1阶段与第2、3、4、5阶段手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其余各阶段手术时间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).由此推断腹腔镜下全子宫切除术学习曲线大约为10例～20例,即可达到较熟练水平和稳定程度.     

从心肺运动的应用价值看医学整体整合的需求

心肺运动试验是一个重要的人体整体功能学检测方法.让患者运动,连续动态记录以呼吸、循环、代谢和神经体液等多系统的功能活动,由此实现人体整体生理功能状态评价、疾病诊断、病情评估、治疗效果评估和预后转归预测.从心肺运动试验的临床应用出发,需要建立生理学医学的整体整合理论用以指导该技术的正确运用和解读.