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231.
Psychology is one component of the multidisciplinary services provided to patients in acute public hospitals, with research demonstrating that psychological intervention significantly enhances clinical outcomes for patients across a range of health issues. Despite the increasingly important role that psychologists play in Australian hospitals, there remains a lack of information available about staff levels, discipline structures, and clinical activity for psychological services within acute hospital settings. The most recent Australian data about hospital‐based psychology services was collected 20 years ago. The current study provides updated information from a survey of 15 Australian metropolitan, acute public hospitals: presenting and critically reviewing staffing configurations and models of service delivery. Results suggest that: (a) hospitals employ a highly skilled workforce at a rate of 0.16 full‐time equivalent psychology staff for every 10 hospital beds; (b) psychologists have a viable career pathway within the hospital‐based health sector; (c) role diversity is common, with the primary focus varying as a function of position level; (d) neuropsychology staffing requires urgent attention to address significant delays in access to services; and (e) public hospitals actively contribute to current and future workforce development through supervision, research, and training. The implications of these results for the future of psychological services in Australian healthcare are discussed. 相似文献
232.
Esther Guillaume Erica Baranski Elysia Todd Brock Bastian Igor Bronin Christina Ivanova Joey T. Cheng François S. de Kock Jaap J. A. Denissen David Gallardo‐Pujol Peter Halama Gyuseog Q. Han Jaechang Bae Jungsoon Moon Ryan Y. Hong Martina Hřebíčková Sylvie Graf Paweł Izdebski Lars Lundmann Lars Penke Marco Perugini Giulio Costantini John Rauthmann Matthias Ziegler Anu Realo Liisalotte Elme Tatsuya Sato Shizuka Kawamoto Piotr Szarota Jessica L. Tracy Marcel A. G. van Aken Yu Yang David C. Funder 《Journal of personality》2016,84(4):493-509
The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around the world. Local collaborators recruited 5,447 members of college communities in 20 countries, who provided data via a Web site in 14 languages. Using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q‐sort (RSQ), participants described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7:00 p.m. Correlations among the average situational profiles of each country ranged from r = .73 to r = .95; the typical situation was described as largely pleasant. Most similar were the United States/Canada; least similar were South Korea/Denmark. Japan had the most homogenous situational experience; South Korea, the least. The 15 RSQ items varying the most across countries described relatively negative aspects of situational experience; the 15 least varying items were more positive. Further analyses correlated RSQ items with national scores on six value dimensions, the Big Five traits, economic output, and population. Individualism, Neuroticism, Openness, and Gross Domestic Product yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance. Psychological research traditionally has paid more attention to the assessment of persons than of situations, a discrepancy that extends to cross‐cultural psychology. The present study demonstrates how cultures vary in situational experience in psychologically meaningful ways. 相似文献
233.
Contemporary sexual behavior cannot be fully understood without considering the effects of smartphones and social networking websites, both of which have provided additional avenues for consensual sexual activity. However, technology has also created new ways to engage in deviant behavior that may be similar to exhibitionism (exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting individuals). Participants completed a survey about traditional exhibitionistic behaviors (flashing) and technological sexual behaviors such as sending sexually explicit pictures. A small percentage of participants reported engaging in both technological and traditional exhibitionistic behavior, which may be indicative of an electronic manifestation of deviant sexual behavior. 相似文献
234.
There is increasing evidence for the significant contribution provided by sport psychologists within applied coaching environments. However, this rarely considers their skills/knowledge being applied when refining athletes’ already learned and well-established motor skills. Therefore, this article focuses on how a sport psychologist might assist a coach and athlete to implement long-term permanent and pressure proof refinements. It highlights key contributions at each stage of the Five-A model—designed to deliver these important outcomes—providing both psychomotor and psychosocial input to the support delivery. By employing these recommendations, sport psychologists can make multiple positive contributions to completion of this challenging task. 相似文献
235.
Jais Adam-Troian Pascal Wagner-Egger Matt Motyl Thomas Arciszewski Roland Imhoff Felix Zimmer Olivier Klein Maria Babinska Adrian Bangerter Michal Bilewicz Nebojša Blanuša Kosta Bovan Rumena Bužarovska Aleksandra Cichocka Elif Çelebi Sylvain Delouvée Karen M. Douglas Asbjørn Dyrendal Biljana Gjoneska Sylvie Graf Estrella Gualda Gilad Hirschberger Anna Kende Peter Krekó Andre Krouwel Pia Lamberty Silvia Mari Jasna Milosevic Maria Serena Panasiti Myrto Pantazi Ljupcho Petkovski Giuseppina Porciello J. P. Prims André Rabelo Michael Schepisi Robbie M. Sutton Viren Swami Hulda Thórisdóttir Vladimir Turjačanin Iris Zezelj Jan-Willem van Prooijen 《Political psychology》2021,42(4):597-618
Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g., religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19, and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between masculinity, collectivism, and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among U.S. citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, collectivism, r = .31, 95% CI = [.15; .47], and masculinity, r = .39, 95% CI = [.18; .59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs. 相似文献
236.
237.
The study of endophenotypes, notably with configured self-reports, represents a promising research pathway to overcome the limits of a syndromal approach of psychiatric diseases. The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) is a self-report questionnaire, based on neuroethological considerations, that could help to assess emotional endophenotypes related to the activity in 6 core cerebral emotional systems (FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS, CARING, PLAYFULNESS, SEEKING). We further investigated its psychometric properties among 830 young adults and showed that they were satisfactory. As participants also completed several other self-reports that shared potential traits with the ANPS, we offer new validity evidence based on relations to other variables. We also provide additional evidence to consider that the ANPS scores can be validly interpreted for the characterization of emotional endophenotypes involved in a variety of psychiatric disorders. On the grounds of present results, of previous clinical studies, as well as some preliminary neuroimaging findings, we discuss new steps in the ANPS validation. 相似文献
238.
Factorial experimental designs have many potential advantages for behavioral scientists. For example, such designs may be useful in building more potent interventions by helping investigators to screen several candidate intervention components simultaneously and to decide which are likely to offer greater benefit before evaluating the intervention as a whole. However, sample size and power considerations may challenge investigators attempting to apply such designs, especially when the population of interest is multilevel (e.g., when students are nested within schools, or when employees are nested within organizations). In this article, we examine the feasibility of factorial experimental designs with multiple factors in a multilevel, clustered setting (i.e., of multilevel, multifactor experiments). We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate how design elements-such as the number of clusters, the number of lower-level units, and the intraclass correlation-affect power. Our results suggest that multilevel, multifactor experiments are feasible for factor-screening purposes because of the economical properties of complete and fractional factorial experimental designs. We also discuss resources for sample size planning and power estimation for multilevel factorial experiments. These results are discussed from a resource management perspective, in which the goal is to choose a design that maximizes the scientific benefit using the resources available for an investigation. 相似文献
239.
The aim of the present study was to determine the best and easiest method of suppressing spontaneous counting in a temporal
judgment task. Three classic methods used to avoid counting—instructions not to count, articulatory suppression, and administration
of an interference task—were tested in temporal generalization, bisection, and reproduction tasks with two duration ranges
(1–4 and 2–8 s). All the three no-counting conditions prevented participants from counting, counting leading to estimates
that were more accurate and less variable and to violations of the fundamental scalar property of timing. With regard to the
differences between the no-counting conditions, the interference task distorted time perception more strongly and increased
variability in temporal estimates to a greater extent than did articulatory suppression, as well as the no-counting instructions
condition. In addition, articulatory suppression produced more noise in behavioral outcome than did the no-counting instruction
condition. In sum, although all methods have disadvantages, the instructions not to count actually constitute the simplest
and more efficient method of preventing counting in timing tasks. However, further studies must now concentrate on the role
of explicit instructions in our experience of perception. 相似文献
240.
This study investigated whether observers' facial reactions to the emotional facial expressions of others represent an affective or a cognitive response to these emotional expressions. Three hypotheses were contrasted: (1) facial reactions to emotional facial expressions are due to mimicry as part of an affective empathic reaction; (2) facial reactions to emotional facial expressions are a reflection of shared affect due to emotion induction; and (3) facial reactions to emotional facial expressions are determined by cognitive load depending on task difficulty. Two experiments were conducted varying type of task, presentation of stimuli, and task difficulty. The results show that depending on the nature of the rating task, facial reactions to facial expressions may be either affective or cognitive. Specifically, evidence for facial mimicry was only found when individuals made judgements regarding the valence of an emotional facial expression. Other types of judgements regarding facial expressions did not seem to elicit mimicry but may lead to facial responses related to cognitive load. 相似文献