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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
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Peter C. Trask Dawn Jones Amber G. Paterson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2003,10(2):109-117
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often a last treatment option for individuals who have experienced relapse or treatment failure and is often accompanied by increased levels of distress and reductions in quality of life (QOL). Despite this, few studies have been designed to improve post-BMT QOL and reduce distress. The current study examined the course of distress and QOL in 26 autologus BMT patients and the effect on distress and QOL of providing a minimal contact workbook intervention. Physical well-being decreased following the BMT, but increased at 2- and 6-month follow-up assessments, and distress did not significantly vary over the course of the study for patients in the standard care and workbook intervention groups. Examination of the reasons for the lack of group differences revealed that approximately half of the individuals randomized to the workbook intervention did not look at the material; with those that did reporting higher QOL, decreased anxiety, more adaptive coping, and decreased religiosity. The results argue for the importance of targeting patients at need prior to the transplant procedure, triaging them based on specific characteristics, and providing treatments that match these characteristics. 相似文献
73.
Sydney J. Berkman Eileen M. Roscoe Jason C. Bourret 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2019,52(1):188-204
An important skill for behavior analysts is creating graphs that clearly convey outcomes and conform to publication conventions. GraphPad Prism is software designed for creating scientific graphs, but no prior research has empirically evaluated training graphing skills using Prism. Two effective training methods are enhanced written instructions (EWI) and video modeling with voiceover instructions (VMVO), but no single‐subject studies have compared the effects of these methods. In this study, we compared the efficacy and social validity of EWI and VMVO for training staff to create graphs using Prism. A single‐subject design was employed to compare the effects of the methods on the individual performance of 11 graduate students. EWI and VMVO were both found to be effective, and more participants chose to use EWI. 相似文献
74.
Reproductive justice advocates emphasize the rights of women to choose to have children, to decide the conditions under which they give birth, and to parent their children with support, safety, and dignity. This article examines what a reproductive justice perspective contributes to infant mental health work with teenage mothers and their families. It explores the historical framing of teenage pregnancy in which young mothers are the cause of a variety of social problems and in which the primary policy and practice approach is pregnancy prevention. The article offers alternative framings of teenage childbearing, based on reproductive justice principles, which focus on social conditions surrounding teenage parenthood and the meaning of motherhood in the lives of young women. These alternative frames shift the practice agenda to eradicating unjust social conditions and providing supports for young women in their roles as parents. The article then describes ways in which two infant mental health programs have incorporated reproductive justice principles into their work with young families: Chicago's community doula model and Florida's Young Parents Project for court-involved teenage parents. Finally, the article extracts a set of principles deriving from a reproductive justice perspective that are relevant to infant mental health work with young families. 相似文献
75.
Application of a Sensemaking Approach to Ethics Training in the Physical Sciences and Engineering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kligyte V Marcy RT Waples EP Sevier ST Godfrey ES Mumford MD Hougen DF 《Science and engineering ethics》2008,14(2):251-278
Integrity is a critical determinant of the effectiveness of research organizations in terms of producing high quality research and educating the new generation of scientists. A number of responsible conduct of research (RCR) training programs have been developed to address this growing organizational concern. However, in spite of a significant body of research in ethics training, it is still unknown which approach has the highest potential to enhance researchers' integrity. One of the approaches showing some promise in improving researchers' integrity has focused on the development of ethical decision-making skills. The current effort proposes a novel curriculum that focuses on broad metacognitive reasoning strategies researchers use when making sense of day-to-day social and professional practices that have ethical implications for the physical sciences and engineering. This sensemaking training has been implemented in a professional sample of scientists conducting research in electrical engineering, atmospheric and computer sciences at a large multi-cultural, multi-disciplinary, and multi-university research center. A pre-post design was used to assess training effectiveness using scenario-based ethical decision-making measures. The training resulted in enhanced ethical decision-making of researchers in relation to four ethical conduct areas, namely data management, study conduct, professional practices, and business practices. In addition, sensemaking training led to researchers' preference for decisions involving the application of the broad metacognitive reasoning strategies. Individual trainee and training characteristics were used to explain the study findings. Broad implications of the findings for ethics training development, implementation, and evaluation in the sciences are discussed. 相似文献
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77.
Cristina B. Bares Peter C. Trask Steve M. Schwartz 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2002,9(3):193-200
This study presents a retrospective assessment of a psychological intervention examined for its potential cost-effectiveness if implemented into standard care. It discusses (1) the cost of instituting a psychological intervention for distressed melanoma patients, (2) the effectiveness of that intervention for reducing distress when compared with a standard care group, and (3) the costs of providing the treatment as compared to costs of physician time to answer distress-driven questions as part of standard care. Although the per-minute cost of providing the psychological intervention was marginally greater than standard care, providing the intervention was significantly cheaper in terms of distress reduction. Inclusion of 60% payer reimbursement rates for the intervention further suggested that incorporating a psychological intervention into standard medical care for melanoma patients would potentially generate revenue. 相似文献
78.
Andrew B. Speer Matthew S. Prewett Sydney R. Siver 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2020,28(2):209-214
Despite an established body of research supporting the benefits of rater training on performance appraisal (PA) ratings, it is unclear whether PA training has been widely adopted in the field and what types of PA training are most frequently utilized. This study expanded upon previous research by using a sample of 229 active managers collected via Qualtrics panels to examine the prevalence of various types and instructional contexts of PA training. This research also examined the relationship between training and perceptions of rater preparedness. Collectively, results suggest that PA training is occurring in organizations, that training is perceived favorably, but that the nature and usage of training differs widely. 相似文献
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