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SCV is a FORTRAN IV subroutine for sequencing combinations of variables. Selection of the combinations can be random with or without replacement and with equal or unequal frequencies of occurrence. Application is illustrated in terms of an interactive process-control experiment, but the subroutine is applicable to any problem requiring the generation of multidimensional sequences or the permutation of a set of numbers. 相似文献
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Jerry S. Carlson 《International journal of psychology》1973,8(1):25-35
Cette étude a pour propos d'examiner, chez des enfants laotiens âgés de six à quatorze ans, le développement du jugement moral dans deux domaines : le réalisme moral et la justice. Selon Piaget, le développement du réalisme moral, le passage de la responsabilité objective à la responsabilité subjective sont intimement liés à la qualité des interactions enfant-adultes, la contrainte adulte retardant le développement et la coopération l'accélérant. Le développement de l'idée de justice, d'autre part, serait moins dépendant de cette interaction et davantage lié aux rapports de groupe d'un même âge. En partant de l'hypothèse que les relations entre enfants d'un même groupe d'âge montrent une plus grande stabilité intercultutelle que les interactions adultes-enfants, on suppose que le développement de l'idée de justice présente un caractère plus universel que la genèse de l'idée de réalisme moral. Les résultats de la recherche ne confirment pas l'hypothèse. l'auteur conclut que le développement de l'idée de justice ne présente pas le même caractère d'universalité que la genèse des opérations cognitives et que le passage au jugement subjectif et à l'idée de justice peut dépendre d'autres facteurs que ceux identifiés par Piaget. 相似文献
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A two-choice discrete operant procedure was devised for the study of shock-correlated reinforcement effects in rats. In the presence of one auditory stimulus, responding on one response lever was reinforced with food; with another auditory stimulus, responding on a second lever was reinforced. It was found that discrimination performance of one group, relative to appropriate control groups, was facilitated when electric shock was correlated with reinforcement on one lever and not on the other. Further, relative discrimination levels were found to be higher on the lever correlated with the shock than on the alternate lever. The significance of the results for operant within-S studies and for a mediational theory of shock-correlated reinforcement was discussed. 相似文献
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The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups 下载免费PDF全文
Curt A. Carlson Maria A. Carlson Dawn R. Weatherford Amanda Tucker Jane Bednarz 《Applied cognitive psychology》2016,30(6):1005-1013
The sequential lineup is multifaceted, including serial presentation of faces, multiple decisions, and often backloading (indicating to an eyewitness that a lineup contains more photos than there actually are). We evaluated the effect of backloading instructions on response bias and sensitivity with an eyewitness identification paradigm. Importantly, we included an ‘undisclosed’ condition that provided no information to participants about the number of lineup members to expect. Experiment 1 (N = 780) tested sequential lineups; Experiment 2 (N = 532) tested simultaneous lineups. As predicted, signal detection analysis showed that backloading induced participants to be more conservative in choosing from both lineup types, but did not affect d′. We conclude that the criminal justice system should be mindful of this shift in response bias, as it has implications for both guilty and innocent suspect identifications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The Influence of Perpetrator Exposure Time and Weapon Presence/Timing on Eyewitness Confidence and Accuracy 下载免费PDF全文
Curt A. Carlson David F. Young Dawn R. Weatherford Maria A. Carlson Jane E. Bednarz Alyssa R. Jones 《Applied cognitive psychology》2016,30(6):898-910
Crimes can occur in a matter of seconds, with little time available for an eyewitness to encode a perpetrator's face. The presence of a weapon can further exacerbate this situation. Few studies have featured mock crimes of short duration, especially with a weapon manipulation. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of weapon presence and short perpetrator exposure times (3 vs. 10 seconds) on eyewitness confidence and accuracy. We found that recall concerning the perpetrator was worse when a weapon was present, replicating the weapon focus effect. However, there was no effect on eyewitness identification accuracy. Calibration analyses revealed that all conditions produced a strong confidence–accuracy relationship. Confidence–accuracy characteristic curves illustrated almost perfect accuracy for suspect identifications at the highest levels of confidence. We conclude that weapon presence during a brief crime does not necessarily result in negative consequences for either eyewitness identification accuracy or the confidence–accuracy relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献