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The Impact of Analogies on Creative Concept Generation: Lessons From an In Vivo Study in Engineering Design
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Research on innovation often highlights analogies from sources outside the current problem domain as a major source of novel concepts; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. We analyzed the temporal interplay between far analogy use and creative concept generation in a professional design team's brainstorming conversations, investigating the hypothesis that far analogies lead directly to very novel concepts via large steps in conceptual spaces (jumps). Surprisingly, we found that concepts were more similar to their preceding concepts after far analogy use compared to baseline situations (i.e., without far analogy use). Yet far analogies increased the team's concept generation rate compared to baseline conditions. Overall, these results challenge the view that far analogies primarily lead to novel concepts via jumps in conceptual spaces and suggest alternative pathways from far analogies to novel concepts (e.g., iterative, deep exploration within a functional space). 相似文献
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Jessica R. Peters Ethan H. Mereish Joel B. Solomon Anthony S. Spirito Shirley Yen 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(2):572-585
Understanding suicide ideation (SI) in adolescents, especially during the high‐risk time following hospitalization for a suicidal event, is a crucial component of improving risk assessment. Most studies rely on single assessments of SI, despite the potential for SI to vary considerably over time. This study examined how indices of SI intensity (mean values) and lability (mean squared successive difference values) over a 6‐month period predict suicide attempts (SAs) and self‐harm, as well as how they relate to psychosocial risk factors and affective functioning, in a sample of 103 adolescents hospitalized for a SA or significant SI. Across the sample, SI intensity, but not lability, was associated with SAs and nonsuicidal self‐injury at 6‐month follow‐up. SI intensity performed similarly to single time point SI assessments, and its relations were not moderated by SI lability. SI intensity was also associated with borderline personality disorder criteria and a history of sexual abuse. In contrast, SI lability was associated with greater negative affect intensity and lability. These findings suggest that intensity of SI may confer more risk posthospitalization, and provide support for using these statistical methods to capture two distinct parameters of SI. 相似文献
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Joel Thomas Tierno 《The Journal of value inquiry》1996,30(1-2):321-323
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Berger-Sweeney J Zearfoss NR Richter JD 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2006,13(1):4-7
CPEB is a sequence-specific RNA binding protein that regulates translation at synapses. In neurons of CPEB knockout mice, synaptic efficacy is reduced. Here, we have performed a battery of behavioral tests and find that relative to wild-type animals, CPEB knockout mice, although similar on many baseline behaviors, have reduced extinction of memories on two hippocampal-dependent tasks. A corresponding microarray analysis reveals that about 0.14% of hippocampal genes have an altered expression in the CPEB knockout mouse. These data suggest that CPEB-dependent local protein synthesis may be an important cellular mechanism underlying extinction of hippocampal-dependent memories. 相似文献
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We asked adults with Asperger Syndrome to judge pictorial stimuli in terms of certain social stereotypes to evaluate to what extent they have access to this type of social knowledge. Sixteen adults with Asperger Syndrome and 24 controls, matched for age and intelligence, were presented with sets of faces, bodies and objects, which had to be rated on a 7-point scale in terms of trustworthiness, attractiveness, social status, and age, or, in the case of objects, price. Despite impaired performance on two important aspects of social cognition (second-order mentalizing and face recognition) the social judgements of the individuals with Asperger Syndrome were just as competent and consistent as those of their matched controls, with only one exception: there was a trend for them to be less able to judge the attractiveness of faces if they were the same sex. We explain this difference in terms of a weakness in mentalizing, specifically the ability to take a different point of view: While all other stereotypic attributions could be made from an egocentric point of view, judging the attractiveness of faces of one's own sex requires taking the perspective of someone of the opposite sex, a challenge for people with mentalizing problems. We conclude that individuals with Asperger Syndrome show preserved aspects of social knowledge, as revealed in the attribution of stereotypes to pictures of people. These findings suggest that there are dissociable subcomponents to social cognition and that not all of these are compromised in Asperger Syndrome. 相似文献
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Paul E. Engelhardt Martin Corley Joel T. Nigg Fernanda Ferreira 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(5):617-628
Disfluency is a common occurrence in speech and is generally thought to be related to difficulty in the production system.
One unexplored issue is the extent to which inhibition is required to prevent incorrect speech plans from being articulated.
Therefore, we examined disfluency production in participants with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which
is linked to deficits in inhibitory function and response suppression (Nigg, 2001). Participants completed a sentence production
task in which they were presented with two pictures and a verb and their task was to produce a sentence. If inhibition plays
a role in preventing incorrect speech plans, we would expect ADHD participants to produce more repetition and repair disfluencies
than would non-ADHD controls. The results showed that one subtype of ADHD (i.e., the combined) produced more repair disfluencies
as task demands increased. We conclude that the production system relies on inhibitory control in order to prevent errors
in language production. 相似文献