青少年自我描述归类与人格维度特点

对青少年自我描述的内容进行归类时发现,依据不同的归类标准会得到不同的人格结构。500多名青少年学生提供了620个不同的对自我的描述,除9个项目属于对身体和家庭状况的描述外,所有的人格特征既可以归属到中国青少年人格结构的19个二级因素,又可以归属到西方大五人格结构的30个层面。这一结果表明,外显的人格特征分类无法准确表达人格结构的实际构成,人格结构的确定还需要实证评定及对内隐结构的探索。文中还讨论了心理学研究中国化（本土化）的思路与策略。     

An Investigation of Taiwanese Female College Students' Sexist Attitudes

This study is an investigation of sexist attitudes of 940 Taiwanese female college students. Participants completed a Chinese version of the Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS) as part of a larger study. Twelve women with the highest sexist attitude scores and 12 women with the lowest scores were interviewed individually. Results showed significant main effects due to age and grade point average (GPA) for responses to the SATWS. Students majoring in musicand interior design had higher mean scores than did students in four other majors. To examine differences further, items rated highest and lowest by students in four other academic major groups were identified and compared. Implications and research recommendations are presented.     

The Negative Physical Self Scale: Initial development and validation in samples of Chinese adolescents and young adults

This research presents four studies on the initial development and validation of the 48-item Negative Physical Self Scale (NPS), a multidimensional measure of body image concerns for use with Chinese samples. In Study 1 (N = 1095), exploratory factor analyses identified five dimensions underlying the NPS (General Appearance, Facial Appearance, Shortness, Fatness, Thinness). In Study 2 (N = 1057), confirmatory factor analyses replicated this factor structure. In Studies 3 and 4, the validity of all NPS dimensions except Thinness Concern was supported via their patterns of relation with both objective physical characteristics/behaviors and other self-report measures of body image and general self worth. Because Chinese adolescents and young adults expressed relatively more concerns about General Appearance, Shortness, and Facial Appearance than about Fatness, the NPS may have greater utility for assessing body image disturbances in China than existing measures that focus exclusively on general body satisfaction and body size/weight.     

对西部地区发展宗教旅游的思考

宗教旅游是市场规模大、需求稳定的优质旅游客源市场,西部地区拥有发展宗教旅游的良好基础.但是,从整体来看,西部地区宗教旅游业不仅竞争优势缺乏,而且比较优势并不明显.因此,应该从比较优势与竞争优势的关系出发,大力提升西部地区宗教旅游业的竞争优势.     

两种水化疗法对预防对比剂肾病的效果研究

比较两种水化疗法对对比剂肾病(contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)的预防效果.将150例患者随机分为氯化钠水化组(50例)、碳酸氢钠水化组(50例)和常规治疗组(50例),检测患者造影前3天内及造影后第3天、7天的血肌酐、尿素氮和尿β2微球蛋白.分析三组患者CIN的发病率.结果两水化组CIN的发病率均显著低于常规治疗组(P<0.05),两水化组闻CIN的发病率无明显差异(P>0.05).结果提示两种水化疗法对CIN的预防效果相仿.     

真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下小鼠的逃生决策比较*

探讨并比较真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下小鼠是否采用直觉性逃生决策。研究包括一个预备训练和两个主实验。预备训练的目的：首先训练小鼠获得有关迷宫路线及出口的经验,然后再经过遗忘处理使它们遗忘相关经验。两个主实验均采用3(情境：真实火灾,模拟火灾,普通情境)×2(记忆：遗忘前和遗忘后)混合实验设计,因变量均为逃生决策。实验组被试为72只经过训练的小鼠,控制组为24只未经过训练的小鼠。通过考察小鼠在不同情境和不同记忆条件下的逃生时间和对逃生出口的选择探测并比较真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下小鼠的逃生决策差异。主要结果：(1)实验组在真实火灾情境下的逃生时间无论遗忘前后都明显比模拟火灾情境下短;(2)实验组在真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下的逃生时间都明显比控制组短;(3)当熟悉和陌生出口均开启同时熟悉出口处有烟雾条件下,真实火灾组在遗忘前后均倾向于选择熟悉出口逃生,其他两组则倾向于选择陌生出口离开。结论：真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下小鼠的逃生决策存在明显差异：真实火灾情境下受过训练的小鼠倾向于直觉性逃生决策;模拟火灾情境下受过训练的小鼠不倾向于直觉性逃生决策。     

Mechanism of isoflavone aglycone's effect on cognitive performance of senescence-accelerated mice

This study investigated the effect of isoflavone aglycone (IA) on the learning and memory performance of senescence-accelerated mice, and explored its neural protective mechanism. Results showed that SAM-P/8 senescence-accelerated mice treated with IA performed significantly better in the Y-maze cognitive test than the no treatment control (P<0.05). The cortex AchE activity, serum SOD and GSH-Px activities were notably higher (P<0.05). MDA concentration and the β-secretase activity in the hippocampal tissue were both lower (P<0.05). Additionally, the number of hippocampal neurons was increased and cell morphology was significantly improved. Data suggested that IA could indirectly increase concentration of the cholinergic neural transmitter Ach through regulation of AchE, therefore improving the central cholinergic function and enhancing the learning and memory ability. By reducing the β-secretase activity, IA could decrease the formation and deposition of insoluble Adebris, relieve the resulted toxicity and damage to neurons, and thereby effectively protect the nervous system.     

中学生自我提升的特点及其与人际适应的关系

采用自编自我提升领域问卷考察中学生自我提升的特点,并探讨自我提升与同伴接纳和友谊状况的关系。结果发现:(1)中学生在个体领域和人际领域(除道德行为维度)表现出自我提升倾向。(2)男生比女生、初中生比高中生表现更强的自我提升倾向。(3)同伴接纳度低的中学生身体与运动技能和一般认知能力维度自我提升程度较高,互选好朋友数量较少的中学生一般认知能力、个体心理特质、人际心理特质和道德行为维度的自我提升较高。     

相似和相同语言标签对幼儿归纳推理的影响

为进一步检验相似语言标签的效应,采用经典的三角属性归纳范式,通过两个实验研究了\"相似/相同\"的真实语言标签对4岁幼儿归纳推理的影响.在实验一中,三角范式中的三个刺激物属于同一类别,在实验二中,三个刺激物属于两种不同的类别.每个实验均有三种条件:在控制条件中,实验者用\"这个\"指代每个客体;在相似语言标签条件中,靶刺激与知觉不相似的比较刺激具有相同的、且暗示了类别成员关系的词素(例如,翠鸟—飞机—鸵鸟);在相同语言标签条件中,靶刺激和知觉不相似的比较刺激共享相同的语言标签(例如,鸟—飞机—鸟).结果一致显示,与控制条件相比,幼儿在相似语言标签条件下表现出了更多的基于概念的归纳,表明在真实语言标签条件下也存在相似语言标签效应.同时,研究结果也显示,幼儿在相似和相同语言标签条件下的归纳没有显著差异,说明语言标签在幼儿归纳中更可能传递了概念信息,从而挑战了Sloutsky等的理论.