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81.
疾病的进化论解释:——读《我们为什么生病》 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
贺达仁 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1999,20(7):4-6
现代医学重在对疾病的近因研究,而疾病的进化史原因,像机体设计上的缺陷,遗传基因与新环境因素的冲突,进化过程中病原同宿主的竞争等,却几乎完全被忽视。事实上,人类机体在漫长的进化过程中,每获得一种益处,几乎都要付出相应的代价,这就是相关的疾病。达尔文医学的新科学,这部全新视野的著作,全面地向人们展示了疾病的进化论解释,并正在创造其学术范式迥然不同的医学科学新领域。 相似文献
82.
谈生理功能的整体调节方式 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
王学端 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1999,20(5):23-25
面对生理学整体水平研究的挑战,应研究生理功能整体调节方式。这一调节方式的基础是神经内分泌免疫网络,它的特征是依照个体特点的分型。讨论其混沌特性,研究方法及医学的影响。 相似文献
83.
病人自主权及其保障条件 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
冯泽永 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1999,20(2):6-8
病人自主权是病人的基本人权之一,是保障其生存权与健康权的基本条件,也是医学人道主义的重要内容。同时,在医疗活动的权力制衡中,代表病人权利的权力是必不可少的要素之一。因此,病人自主权必须受到充分的尊重。病人自主权要想得到充分的保障,必须以全民的权利意识觉醒为条件,以完善的法制与法治为保障,并要符合健康目的,遵从科学规律。 相似文献
84.
本研究包括三个实验。实验一在混和呈现条件下比较被试对隐喻句和类属句的加工时问,发现可理解性高的隐喻句的R_T不比类属句的慢。实验二在分组呈现条件下比较被试加工隐喻句与类属句的速度,结果与实验一基本相同。实验一、二中还发现类属概念的层次与语义加工时间没有必然联系。实验三比较了隐喻句对三类概念的启动作用,发现隐喻对自身的语义特征概念有明显的启动作用。根据三个实验的结果,我们提出了一种称为特征联结的语义网络结构模型。 相似文献
85.
A partial replication of a study by Nisbett and Bellows (1977) to which a memorization condition was added showed that subjects did not have introspective access to the determinants of their judgments, but did so only in the impression-formation condition. In the memorization condition, the subjects' self-reports matched the observed experimental effects. An analysis of the results showed that this was probably because the subjects' judgments in the latter condition were based on causal theories. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
Léon Turner 《Zygon》2020,55(1):207-228
Debates about the theological implications of recent research in the cognitive and evolutionary study of religion have tended to focus on the question of theism. The question of whether there is any disagreement about the conceptualization of the individual human being has been largely overlooked. In this article, I argue that evolutionary and cognitive accounts of religion typically depend upon a view of cognition that conceptually isolates the mind from its particular social and physical environmental contexts. By embracing this view of the mind, these accounts also unwittingly embrace an abstract individualist view of individual personhood that Christian theologians have explicitly battled against. Taken as a whole, the field leaves sufficient room for supplementary theories that are compatible with theological accounts of the relational individual, but in practice, no effort has been made to engage, or even to accommodate, any other view of individual personhood. 相似文献
87.
Medical research aims to achieve a better scientific understanding of health and disease. It is firstly undertaken for the
improvement of medical care in general, not excluding a potential direct benefit for participants undergoing such research.
There is a traditional conflict between the fundamental rights and the dignity of those participating individuals and the
interests of science, researchers and even the society. The Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe
is a new legally binding instrument for the solution of these conflicts.
on behalf of the Comité Directeur pour la Bioéthique (CDBI)/Council of Europe
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. Professor Doppelfeld spoke on behalf of CDBI/Council of
Europe. 相似文献
88.
Gabbard GO Peltz ML;COPE Study Group on Boundary Violations. Committee on Psychoanalytic Education 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2001,49(2):659-673
The work of a COPE study group on boundary violations is summarized, with particular focus on the impact on institutes and societies of sexual misconduct by training analysts. Difficulties in evaluating such situations are discussed, and the dynamics of institutional avoidance explicated. In addition, psychodynamic themes that are commonly observed in analysts who engage in sexual boundary violations with their patients are elaborated. Finally, suggestions are made for managing, through existing mechanisms, instances of boundary violations by training analysts. 相似文献
89.
Council on Ethical Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association 《The Journal of clinical ethics》2001,12(2):111-115
In a recent issue of The Journal of Clinical Ethics, Peter A. Ubel and Ari Silver-Isenstadt reported on patients' willingness to participate in medical education. Their findings and other data they refer to suggest that patients are generally willing to interact with medical students, but that this willingness may vary depending upon the clinical setting. The authors concluded that patients hold a right to information regarding students' participation in their care and that openness in this regard is valuable. The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) of the American Medical Association (AMA) recently developed a policy that addresses the issues that were investigated by Ubel and Silver-Isenstadt. 相似文献
90.
IEEE-CS/ACM Joint Task Force on Software Engineering Ethics Professional Practices 《Science and engineering ethics》2001,7(2):231-238
The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, intended as a standard for teaching and practicing software engineering, documents the ethical and professional obligations of software engineers. The code should instruct practitioners about the standards society expects them to meet, about what their peers strive for, and about what to expect of one another. In addition, the code should also inform the public about the responsibilities that are important to the profession. Adopted in 2000 by the IEEE Computer Society and the ACM--two leading international computing societies--the code of ethics is intended as a guide for members of the evolving software engineering profession. The code was developed by a multinational task force with additional input from other professionals from industry, government posts, military installations, and educational professions. 相似文献