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981.
Kristopher J. Gauthier Andrew N. Christopher Mark I. Walter Ronney Mourad Pam Marek 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2006,7(2):139-154
Previous research has found a consistent, negative relationship between holding religious doubts and mental well-being, and
a small positive relationship between religiosity and mental well-being. To assess the interrelationship between religious
doubt, religiosity, and need for cognition on life satisfaction, a survey was administered to an almost exclusively Christian
sample of 192 Americans drawn from undergraduates and alumni of a small mid-western college, undergraduates from a small south-eastern
college, and several churches from the metro-Detroit area. Zero-order correlations revealed relationships between religiosity
and life satisfaction, as well as religious doubt and life satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed
that the three-way interaction of religiosity, religious doubt, and the need for cognition was predictive of life satisfaction.
Significant two-way interactions also emerged for both gender and religiosity, and gender and religious doubt as predictors
of life satisfaction. Based upon these findings, counseling applications are discussed, and the importance of probing for
interactions in research on religious influences on well-being is espoused.
Portions of this research were presented at the 2004 Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu,
HI. 相似文献
982.
Traffic research shares a fundamental dilemma with other areas of empirical research in which humans are potentially put at risk. Research is justified because it can improve safety in the long run. Nevertheless, people can be harmed in the research situation. Hence, we need to balance short-term risks against long-term safety improvements, much as in other areas of research with human subjects. In this paper we focus on ethical issues that arise when human beings are directly affected in the performance of research by examining how the ethical requirements in biomedical research can inform traffic research. After introducing the basic ethical requirements on biomedical research, each of the major requirements is discussed in relation to traffic research. We identify the main areas where biomedical research and traffic research differ, and where the ethical requirements from the former cannot easily be transferred to the latter. Finally, we argue that there is a need for systematic studies of the ethics of traffic research and point to some of the issues that need to be addressed. 相似文献
983.
The aim is to examine the character of the God of the Old Testament,principally in the Pentateuch, to discover whether it providesan appropriate basis for the imitatio dei that a number of writershave argued is prominent in Old Testament ethics. The articlebegins with a survey of this literature and opposing arguments.Texts then, first, that explicitly recommend the imitation ofGod are studied, then ones that imply it, mainly concerningdistributive justice. It is shown that the moral role of YHWHmay reflect one of two roles in human society, as king (of theworld) or as patron (of Israel), thus providing models for humanbeings playing such roles. A discussion of Exod. 34:56shows that forgiveness is for human beings as for God a rightrather than an obligation in the Old Testament. It is finallyshown that YHWH behaves in the story of the Exodus in ways which,whether justifiable (in the role of king) or not, would be inappropriatefor imitation. It is concluded that while YHWH may often beunderstood as offering a role for imitation, imitatio dei isnot the key to all Old Testament ethics. 相似文献
984.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Synthese》2009,171(2):257-269
Although choice and preference are distinct categories, it may in some contexts be a useful idealization to treat choices
as fully determined by preferences. In order to construct a general model of such preference-based choice, a method to derive
choices from preferences is needed that yields reasonable outcomes for all preference relations, even those that are incomplete
and contain cycles. A generalized choice function is introduced for this purpose. It is axiomatically characterized and is
shown to compare favourably with alternative constructions. 相似文献
985.
Summary Two nonverbal short-term memory tasks, a Picture Recognition and a Paired Association Task, were performed by matched groups of aphasics and brain-damaged controls (N=52 each). For both tasks the alternatives on the answer forms differed systematically on three dimensions, one of which had been highlighted experimentally for each item before the target picture was indicated. In both tasks aphasics made more errors than braindamaged controls only with respect to those features that had been stressed beforehand; they were less able than controls to take advantage of focussed attention. The number of these errors was correlated with performance in the Token Test, a picture naming and a word comprehension task.There were no differences between the groups in response to variations in the semantic saliency of the discriminating features or in the semantic and phonetic relationship between words denoting the reference stimuli. The lack of interactions might have been due to a strong ceiling effect in both tasks. 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
Marty Sapp Walter C. Farrell James H. Johnson Kim Hitchcock 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1999,77(2):204-208
The purpose of this study was to investigate how African American male and female college students differ in their attitudes concerning rape. Two-hundred and ten college students completed a 12-item questionnaire designed to measure their views toward this issue. A 2-group multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences between African American men and women, with men being more accepting of stereotypes and myths about rape. These differences are discussed in the context of sexism and rape myths. Strategies for changing students' attitudes toward rape are proposed. 相似文献
989.
Walter J. Harris Robert J. Drummond Edward W. Schultz 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1977,5(1):43-52
This study examined the relationships between teachers' ratings of children's behavior on the Behavior Problem Checklist and children's selfreported personality source traits on ageappropriate Personality Questionnaires. The sample consisted of 254 children from first through eighth grades and 13 teachers in a rural Maine elementary school. Analysis of the data revealed that teachers' ratings and children's self-reports in grades four through six agreed more frequently about problematic behavior than did children's self-reports and teachers self-ratings in grades one through three and seven and eight. In general, the study (1) supported the validity of teacher judgments made with the Behavior Problem Checklist, (2) demonstrated the ckitical need for more than one perspective when identifying and defining maladaptive behaviors potentially indicative of emotional disturbance, and (3) suggested the need to increase the accuracy of teachers' perceptions and evaluations of children's behavior. 相似文献
990.
Sara Verbrugge Kristien Dieussaert Walter Schaeken Hans Smessaert William Van Belle 《Thinking & reasoning》2013,19(2):105-133
An experimental study is reported which investigates the differences in interpretation between content conditionals (of various pragmatic types) and inferential conditionals. In a content conditional, the antecedent represents a requirement for the consequent to become true. In an inferential conditional, the antecedent functions as a premise and the consequent as the inferred conclusion from that premise. The linguistic difference between content and inferential conditionals is often neglected in reasoning experiments. This turns out to be unjustified, since we adduced evidence on the basis of a quantitative and a qualitative analysis that this difference has a manifest psychological relevance. For the inferential conditionals, participants appear to retrieve the order of events of the original content conditional on which it was based, before they start reasoning with it. The implications of this finding for reasoning research and linguistics will be discussed. 相似文献