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181.
Dipl.-Psych. Steffi Kohl Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Heide Glaesmer Lutz Goldbeck Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Astrid Sonntag Nina Spröber Ulrike Willutzki Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):445-456
Background
A survey was carried out to ask the trainers and supervisors about their appraisal of the quality of the psychotherapy training and about ways to improve it 10 years after the inception of the “German psychotherapy law”.Methods
Training institutes provided e-mail addresses and other contact information from over 5,000 trainers. The questioning was carried out mainly by on-line questionnaires and 2,196 data sets were used for analysis.Results
Trainers showed overall satisfaction with the components of psychotherapy training and the skills of the training candidates. More knowledge transfer in the fields of therapy techniques and case studies and more cooperation with other professional groups were suggested. Trainers acknowledged redundancies between professional training and university studies and observed a heterogeneity of trainees, however, these were mostly considered helpful. Only half of the trainers were subject to evaluation of their work.Conclusions
The quality of psychotherapy training could be improved by stronger emphasis on practical knowledge. Structural changes should be made to take the problem of redundancies and heterogeneities into account. Regular and continuous evaluation of the training should become an integral part of professional training and the results should have consequences. 相似文献182.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2009,38(2):127-149
By replacement is meant an operation that replaces one sentence by another in a belief set. Replacement can be used as a kind
of Sheffer stroke for belief change, since contraction, revision, and expansion can all be defined in terms of it. Replacement
can also be defined either in terms of contraction or in terms of revision. Close connections are shown to hold between axioms
for replacement and axioms for contraction and revision. Partial meet replacement is axiomatically characterized. It is shown
that this operation can have outcomes that are not obtainable through either partial meet contraction or partial meet revision. 相似文献
183.
184.
Sven Rosenkranz 《The Philosophical quarterly》2001,51(203):232-237
I argue that Brandom's account of inconsistency in terms of the pragmatic notion of incompatibility, as originally set out in his Making It Explicit (1994) and defended in Articulating Reasons (2000), has the absurd consequence that all true claims are warranted. This is in obvious conflict with our ordinary conception of truth as objective, which is what Brandom intends to capture. My proof proceeds from two principles, extracted from Making It Explicit , that govern the notions of commitment and entitlement in terms of which the notion of incompatibility is being defined. If either of these principles is rejected, it will no longer be clear what the content of Brandom's thesis is. 相似文献
185.
This paper addresses the question whetherintrospection plus externalism about mental contentwarrant an a priori refutation of external-worldskepticism and ontological solipsism. The suggestionis that if thought content is partly determined byaffairs in the environment and if we can havenon-empirical knowledge of our current thoughtcontents, we can, just by reflection, know about theworld around us – we can know that our environment ispopulated with content-determining entities. Afterexamining this type of transcendental argument anddiscussing various objections found in the literature,I argue that the notion of privileged self-knowledgeunderlying this argument presupposes that we canlearn, via introspection, that our so-called thoughtsare propositional attitudes rather than contentlessstates. If, however, externalism is correct andthought content consists in the systematic dependencyof internal states on relational properties, we cannotknow non-empirically whether or not we havepropositional attitudes. Self-knowledge (apropositional attitude) is consistent with us lackingthe ability to rule out, via introspection, thepossibility that we don't have any propositionalattitudes. Self-knowledge provides us with knowledgeof what is in our minds, but not that we haveminds. Hence, the combination of externalism with thedoctrine of privileged self-knowledge does not allowfor an a priori refutation of skepticism and istherefore unproblematic. 相似文献
186.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Erkenntnis》2000,52(1):117-119
187.
188.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Synthese》2010,173(2):153-177
Multiple contraction (simultaneous contraction by several sentences) and iterated contraction are investigated in the framework
of specified meet contraction (s.m.c.) that is extended for this purpose. Multiple contraction is axiomatized, and so is finitely
multiple contraction (contraction by a finite set of sentences). Two ways to reduce finitely multiple contraction to contraction
by single sentences are introduced. The reduced operations are axiomatically characterized and their properties are investigated.
Furthermore, it is shown how iterated contraction can be reduced to single-step, single-sentence contraction. However, in
this framework the outcome of iterated contraction depends unavoidably on the order in which the inputs are received. This
order-dependence makes it impossible to treat two inputs on an equal footing. Therefore it is often preferable to perform
changes involving several pieces of information as multiple rather than iterated change. 相似文献
189.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Philosophical Studies》2006,128(1):93-108
A general theory of coherence is proposed, in which systemic and relational coherence are shown to be interdefinable. When
this theory is applied to sets of sentences, it turns out that logical closure obscures the distinctions that are needed for
a meaningful analysis of coherence. It is concluded that references to “all beliefs” in coherentist phrases such as “all beliefs
support each other” have to be modified so that merely derived beliefs are excluded. Therefore, in order to avoid absurd conclusions,
coherentists have to accept a weak version of epistemic priority, that sorts out merely derived beliefs. Furthermore, it is
shown that in belief revision theory, coherence cannot be adequately represented by logical closure, but has to be represented
separately.
*Contribution to “Seven Bridges” 相似文献
190.
Sven Bernecker 《Philosophical Studies》2006,130(1):81-104
This paper argues that Sosa’s virtue perspectivism fails to combine satisfactorily internalist and externalist features in
a single theory. Internalism and externalism are reconciled at the price of creating a Gettier problem at the level of “reflective”
or second-order knowledge. The general lesson to be learned from the critique of virtue perspectivism is that internalism
and externalism cannot be combined by bifurcating justification and knowledge into an object-level and a meta-level and assigning
externalism and internalism to different levels. 相似文献