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71.
Selective Revision 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We introduce a constructive model of selective belief revision in which it is possible to accept only a part of the input
information. A selective revision operator ο is defined by the equality K ο α = K * f(α), where * is an AGM revision operator
and f a function, typically with the property ⊢ α → f(α). Axiomatic characterizations are provided for three variants of selective
revision.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
72.
We prove that four theses commonly associated with coherentism are incompatible with the representation of a belief state
as a logically closed set of sentences. The result is applied to the conventional coherence interpretation of the AGM theory
of belief revision, which appears not to be tenable. Our argument also counts against the coherentistic acceptability of a
certain form of propositional holism. We argue that the problems arise as an effect of ignoring the distinction between derived
and non-derived beliefs, and we suggest that the kind of coherence relevant to epistemic justification is the coherence of
non-derived beliefs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
73.
74.
Sven L. Mattys Peter W. Jusczyk Paul A. Luce James L. Morgan 《Cognitive psychology》1999,38(4):465-494
This research examines the issue of speech segmentation in 9-month-old infants. Two cues known to carry probabilistic information about word boundaries were investigated: Phonotactic regularity and prosodic pattern. The stimuli used in four head turn preference experiments were bisyllabic CVC.CVC nonwords bearing primary stress in either the first or the second syllable (strong/weak vs. weak/strong). Stimuli also differed with respect to the phonotactic nature of their cross-syllabic C.C cluster. Clusters had either a low probability of occurring at a word juncture in fluent speech and a high probability of occurring inside of words ("within-word" clusters) or a high probability of occurring at a word juncture and a low probability of occurring inside of words ("between-word" clusters). Our results show that (1) 9-month-olds are sensitive to how phonotactic sequences typically align with word boundaries, (2) altering the stress pattern of the stimuli reverses infants' preference for phonotactic cluster types, (3) the prosodic cue to segmentation is more strongly relied upon than the phonotactic cue, and (4) a preference for high-probability between-word phonotactic sequences can be obtained either by placing stress on the second syllable of the stimuli or by inserting a pause between syllables. The implications of these results are discussed in light of an integrated multiple-cue approach to speech segmentation in infancy. 相似文献
75.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》1993,22(6):637-669
The AGM (Alchourrón-GÄrdenfors-Makinson) model of belief change is extended to cover changes on sets of beliefs that arenot closed under logical consequence (belief bases). Three major types of change operations, namely contraction, internal revision, and external revision are axiomatically characterized, and their interrelations are studied. In external revision, the Levi identity is reversed in the sense that onefirst adds the new belief to the belief base, and afterwards contracts its negation. It is argued that external revision represents an intuitively plausible way of revising one's beliefs. Since it typically involves the temporary acceptance of an inconsistent set of beliefs, it can only be used in belief representations that distinguish between different inconsistent sets of belief. 相似文献
76.
Sven Rosenkranz 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2023,57(1):128-143
The knowledge account of assertion construes assertion as subject to constitutive norms. In its standard version, it combines a wide scope obligation not to assert p without knowing p, with narrow scope principles specifying conditions under which it is permissible to assert p, where the notions of obligation and permission are duals and behave uniformly for variable p. It is argued that, given natural assumptions about the logic of ‘ought’, the account proves incoherent. The argument generalizes to accounts that substitute other factive notions for knowledge. A recent non-standard version of the knowledge account employs proposition-relative norms and circumvents the problem. However, it still leads to intolerable combinations of verdicts. Again, the problem arises because knowledge is factive, and it generalizes to other factive notions. It is shown that non-factive accounts face none of the diagnosed difficulties and can do much of the explanatory work that the knowledge account is alleged to do. 相似文献
77.
78.
This article presents research into human mental spatial reasoning with orientation knowledge. In particular, we look at reasoning problems about cardinal directions that possess multiple valid solutions (i.e., are spatially underdetermined), at human preferences for some of these solutions, and at representational and procedural factors that lead to such preferences. The article presents, first, a discussion of existing, related conceptual and computational approaches; second, results of empirical research into the solution preferences that human reasoners actually have; and, third, a novel computational model that relies on a parsimonious and flexible spatio‐analogical knowledge representation structure to robustly reproduce the behavior observed with human reasoners. 相似文献
79.
Meta-analytic reviews are an important tool for advancing science and guiding evidence-based practice. Publication bias is one of the greatest threats to meta-analytic reviews. This paper assesses the degree of publication bias in four previously published meta-analytic datasets from various fields of study in the organizational sciences. Of these datasets, one appears to be relatively unaffected by publication bias while the others seem to be noticeably influenced by this bias. Our “null” result (i.e., a prior meta-analytic estimate is unlikely to have been affected by publication bias) increases our confidence in the accuracy of our cumulative knowledge. Yet, our other findings suggest the presence of publication bias and point to the need for caution and further research. 相似文献
80.
Susanne Prüß Sven Speerforck Johannes Bahlmann Harald J. Freyberger Georg Schomerus 《Psychotherapeut》2014,59(4):275-282