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51.
Clemens Stachl Sven Hilbert Jiew‐Quay Au Daniel Buschek Alexander De Luca Bernd Bischl Heinrich Hussmann Markus Bühner 《欧洲人格杂志》2017,31(6):701-722
The present study investigates to what degree individual differences can predict frequency and duration of actual behaviour, manifested in mobile application (app) usage on smartphones. In particular, this work focuses on the identification of stable associations between personality on the factor and facet level, fluid intelligence, demography and app usage in 16 distinct categories. A total of 137 subjects (87 women and 50 men), with an average age of 24 (SD = 4.72), participated in a 90‐min psychometric lab session as well as in a subsequent 60‐day data logging study in the field. Our data suggest that personality traits predict mobile application usage in several specific categories such as communication, photography, gaming, transportation and entertainment. Extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness are better predictors of mobile application usage than basic demographic variables in several distinct categories. Furthermore, predictive performance is slightly higher for single factor—in comparison with facet‐level personality scores. Fluid intelligence and demographics additionally show stable associations with categorical app usage. In sum, this study demonstrates how individual differences can be effectively related to actual behaviour and how this can assist in understanding the behavioural underpinnings of personality. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
52.
Sven Vlassenroot Karel Brookhuis Vincent Marchau Frank Witlox 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2010,13(3):164-178
A key success factor in the future implementation of new in-vehicle technologies is in understanding how users will experience and respond to these devices. Although it is recognized that acceptance, acceptability and/or support is important, consistency in the definition of acceptability, and how it can be measured, is absent. In this paper we conceptualize acceptance as the attitudes towards a new device after its introduction and acceptability as the attitudes to it before its introduction. It is our goal to describe and conceptualize the most common and relevant socio-psychological factors that can influence acceptance and acceptability of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). By analysing the different theories and methods used in ISA trials we arrived at the 14 most potential indicators that could influence the definition of acceptability and acceptance. A test survey was conducted to determine if these indicators are relevant and if they affect acceptability. The use of a factor analysis helped to single out those questions that were deemed relevant in doing our conceptual acceptability analysis, and to allocate correlations between the different items. We conclude that we have found a concept with some main possible indicators that directly influence the acceptability of ISA. 相似文献
53.
54.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(1):31-54
Specified meet contraction is the operation ?\div defined by the identity K ?p = K ~ f(p)K \div p = K \,{\sim}\, f(p) where ∼ is full meet contraction and f is a sentential selector, a function from sentences to sentences. With suitable conditions on the sentential selector, specified
meet contraction coincides with the partial meet contractions that yield a finite-based contraction outcome if the original
belief set is finite-based. In terms of cognitive realism, specified meet contraction has an advantage over partial meet contraction
in that the selection mechanism operates on sentences rather than on temporary infinite structures (remainders) that are cognitively
inaccessible. Specified meet contraction provides a versatile framework in which other types of contraction, such as severe
withdrawal and base-generated contraction, can be expressed with suitably chosen properties of the sentential selector. 相似文献
55.
Much of what we know about spoken-word recognition comes from studies relying on speech stimuli either carefully produced in the laboratory or computer altered. Although such stimuli have allowed key constructs to be highlighted, the extent to which these constructs are operative in the processing of everyday speech is unclear. We argue that studying the recognition of naturally occurring degraded speech, such as that produced by individuals with neurological disease, can improve the external validity of existing spoken-word recognition models. This claim is illustrated in an experiment on the effect of talker-specific (indexical) variations on lexical access. We found that talker specificity effects, wherein words are better recalled if played in the same voice than in a different voice between two consecutive blocks, were greater when the words were spoken by dysarthric than by healthy individuals. The effects were found to relate to the increased processing time caused by the dysarthric stimuli, independently of their reduced intelligibility. This result is consistent with Luce, McLennan, and Charles-Luce's (2003) time-course hypothesis, which posits that reliance on indexical details increases when responses are delayed by suboptimal processing conditions. We conclude by advocating the use of laboratory and naturally occurring degraded speech in tandem and more systematic cross-talks between psycholinguistics and the speech sciences. 相似文献
56.
57.
Previous studies demonstrated that layer strain domestic chicks bred for egg production can orient using directional cues from the magnetic field; here we report that chicks from a broiler strain bred for meat production do not use magnetic cues for orientation. We imprinted both strains of chicken on a red ball and subsequently trained them in a featureless testing arena. Between rewarded trials in the geomagnetic field, we inserted unrewarded tests under the following conditions: (1) in the geomagnetic field, (2) in a magnetic field with North shifted by 90 degrees and (3) in a magnetic field with the inclination inverted. The layer chicks made a correct axial response in 75-80% of the tests, shifting their choices following a rotation of magnetic North. Chicks of the broiler strain, in contrast, performed at chance level with between 47 and 60% of choices on the correct axis. This difference between the strains does not appear to be due to substantial strain differences in motivation to perform the task. It therefore appears possible that the selection of the broiler strain has led to the elimination of the specific ability to respond to magnetic cues in the test situation. 相似文献
58.
We present a strategy to dissolve semantic paradoxes which proceeds from an explanation of why paradoxical sentences or their
definitions are semantically defective. This explanation is compatible with the acceptability of impredicative definitions,
self-referential sentences and semantically closed languages and leaves the status of the so-called truth-teller sentence
unaffected. It is based on platitudes which encode innocuous constraints on successful definition and successful expression
of propositional content. We show that the construction of liar paradoxes and of certain versions of Curry’s paradox rests
on presuppositions that violate these innocuous constraints. Other versions of Curry’s paradox are shown not to be paradoxical
at all once their presuppositions are made explicit. Part of what we say rehearses a proposal originally made by Laurence
Goldstein in 1985. Like Goldstein we dispose of certain paradoxes by rejecting some of the premises from which they must be
taken to proceed. However, we disagree with his more recent view that the premises to be rejected are neither true nor false. 相似文献
59.
Strømsvik N Nordin K Berglund G Engebretsen LF Hansson MG Gjengedal E 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(1):105-117
This qualitative study explores how 29 Swedish patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) experience living
with the condition, appraisal of the clinical follow-up program, and surveys their future expectations. The aim of this study
is to build knowledge about this patient group in order to provide optimal care. The participants describe physical, psychological,
and social limitations in their daily activities and how these limitations influence quality of life. Our findings indicate
that a majority of patients have adjusted to their situation, describing themselves as being healthy despite physical symptoms
and treatment. The participants received decent care in the clinical follow-up program, - however, greater effort should be
put into patient information. These patients might benefit from genetic counseling. Health professionals involved should recognize
their potential impact and influence on a patient’s ability to adjust to these circumstances. Antonovsky`s Sense of Coherence
theory is used to discuss these findings. 相似文献
60.
Dr. Heide Glaesmer Astrid Sonntag Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Lutz Goldbeck Steffi Kohl Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Ulrike Willutzki Nina Spröber Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):437-444