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81.
Viktor Kaldo Susanna Levin Jenny Widarsson Monica Buhrman Hans-Christian Larsen Gerhard Andersson 《Behavior Therapy》2008,39(4):348-359
Tinnitus distress can be reduced by means of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), and the treatment can be delivered in different ways. The most recent format is Internet-based self-help. The aim of this study was to compare this treatment (n = 26) with standard group-based CBT (n = 25) in a randomized controlled trial. Outcomes on self-report inventories measuring tinnitus distress were evaluated immediately after and 1 year after treatment. Results showed that both groups had improved, and there were few differences between them. The effect size for the Internet treatment was d = 0.73 (95% CI = 0.16–1.30) and for the group treatment was d = 0.64 (95% CI = 0.07–1.21). The Internet treatment consumed less therapist time and was 1.7 times as cost-effective as the group treatment. At pretreatment patients rated the Internet treatment as less credible than the group treatment. In conclusion, Internet treatment for tinnitus distress merits further investigation, as the outcomes achieved are promising. 相似文献
82.
Tinnitus is an experience of sound in the absence of an appropriate external source. A symptom that can accompany most central or peripheral dysfunctions of the auditory system, tinnitus can lead to significant distress, depression, anxiety, and decreases in life quality. This paper investigated the construct of psychological acceptance in a population of tinnitus patients. First, a cross-sectional study (N = 77) was conducted in which a tinnitus specific acceptance questionnaire was developed. Results showed that a Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (TAQ) generated good internal consistency. A factor solution was derived with two factors: activity engagement and tinnitus supression. Second, a longitudinal study (N = 47) investigated the mediating role of acceptance on the relationship between tinnitus distress at baseline and tinnitus distress, anxiety, life quality, and depression at a 7-month follow-up. The results showed full mediation of activity engagement for depression and life quality at follow-up, partial mediation for tinnitus distress, and no mediation for anxiety. The role of acceptance in the negative impact of tinnitus distress merits further investigation. 相似文献
83.
Gerhard Andersson 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(2):176-187
In the present study a Swedish sample of 118 persons with chronic pain completed online tests on two occasions in association
with treatment trials. A three item subscale measuring praying as a coping strategy was derived from the Coping Strategies
Questionnaire (CSQ), but adapted to refer to “a higher power” instead of “God”. Measures of pain and anxiety/depression were
also included. Results revealed significant associations between praying and pain interference and impairment. Praying was
also associated with anxiety and depression scores. Results also showed that prayer predicted depression scores at follow-up,
and that follow-up prayer was predicted by pain interference at first measurement occasion. Overall, if prayer had any relation
with the other variables it was in the negative direction of more distress being associated with more praying both concurrently
and prospectively.
相似文献
Gerhard AnderssonEmail: Email: |
84.
85.
Ingmar Persson 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(3):295-303
Derek Parfit has argued that, in contrast to prioritarianism, egalitarianism is exposed to the levelling down objection, i.e.,
the objection that it is absurd that a change which consists merely in the betteroff losing some of their well-being should
be in one way for the better. In reply, this paper contends that (1) there is a plausible form of egalitarianism which is
equivalent to another form of prioritarianism than the Parfitian one, a relational rather than an absolute form of prioritarianism,
and that (2), although this relational or egalitarian form of prioritarianism is hit by the levelling down objection, the
Parfitian form is also hit by it, or worse objections, if it is fully worked out.
相似文献
Ingmar PerssonEmail: |
86.
Previous studies demonstrated that layer strain domestic chicks bred for egg production can orient using directional cues from the magnetic field; here we report that chicks from a broiler strain bred for meat production do not use magnetic cues for orientation. We imprinted both strains of chicken on a red ball and subsequently trained them in a featureless testing arena. Between rewarded trials in the geomagnetic field, we inserted unrewarded tests under the following conditions: (1) in the geomagnetic field, (2) in a magnetic field with North shifted by 90 degrees and (3) in a magnetic field with the inclination inverted. The layer chicks made a correct axial response in 75-80% of the tests, shifting their choices following a rotation of magnetic North. Chicks of the broiler strain, in contrast, performed at chance level with between 47 and 60% of choices on the correct axis. This difference between the strains does not appear to be due to substantial strain differences in motivation to perform the task. It therefore appears possible that the selection of the broiler strain has led to the elimination of the specific ability to respond to magnetic cues in the test situation. 相似文献
87.
We present a strategy to dissolve semantic paradoxes which proceeds from an explanation of why paradoxical sentences or their
definitions are semantically defective. This explanation is compatible with the acceptability of impredicative definitions,
self-referential sentences and semantically closed languages and leaves the status of the so-called truth-teller sentence
unaffected. It is based on platitudes which encode innocuous constraints on successful definition and successful expression
of propositional content. We show that the construction of liar paradoxes and of certain versions of Curry’s paradox rests
on presuppositions that violate these innocuous constraints. Other versions of Curry’s paradox are shown not to be paradoxical
at all once their presuppositions are made explicit. Part of what we say rehearses a proposal originally made by Laurence
Goldstein in 1985. Like Goldstein we dispose of certain paradoxes by rejecting some of the premises from which they must be
taken to proceed. However, we disagree with his more recent view that the premises to be rejected are neither true nor false. 相似文献
88.
This study examined whether children with mathematical difficulties (MDs) or comorbid mathematical and reading difficulties have a working memory deficit and whether the hypothesized working memory deficit includes the whole working memory system or only specific components. In the study, 31 10-year-olds with MDs and 37 10-year-olds with both mathematical and reading difficulties were compared with 47 age-matched and 50 younger controls (9-year-olds) on a number of working memory tasks. Compared with the age-matched controls, both groups of children with MDs performed worse on tasks tapping the central executive (e.g., visual matrix span) and the phonological loop (e.g., word span). More important, the MD group performed worse than the younger controls on the counting span task, whereas the group with comorbid mathematical and reading difficulties performed worse on the counting span task and the visual matrix span task. These findings provide support for the assumption that children with MDs have a working memory deficit. More specifically, children with MDs have a central executive deficit connected to concurrent processing and storage of numerical and visual information. 相似文献
89.
Personality traits were assessed in 63 patients with persistent allergic or non-allergic rhinitis with the Karolinska Scales of Personality, developed with the aim of measuring psychobiological vulnerability factors, and were compared with a reference group comprising a random sample of 400 sex- and age-stratified subjects. The patients' personality profile differed slightly - within one standard deviation - but significantly from the reference group on a number of factors together suggestive of a disinhibitory disposition, an inclination to express anxiety through somatic rather than psychological channels, difficulties in maintaining emotional distance to others, and a limited awareness of aggressive affect, a pattern that suggests that they expose themselves to more stimulation than they can process in terms of thought and feelings, generating sustained physiological arousal that may contribute to the development of their intolerance reactions. 相似文献
90.
Dr. Heide Glaesmer Astrid Sonntag Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Lutz Goldbeck Steffi Kohl Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Ulrike Willutzki Nina Spröber Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):437-444