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101.
Susan D. Holloway Sawako Suzuki Yoko Yamamoto Jessica Dalesandro Mindnich 《Sex roles》2006,54(3-4):235-249
Japanese women are often described as heavily invested in the role of mother, yet young women in contemporary Japan are increasingly
likely to postpone or opt out of marriage and child rearing. To understand the psychological dynamics of parenting among Japanese
women who have chosen to become mothers, we examined the relation of maternal role salience beliefs, personal maternal role
commitment, and parenting self-efficacy to life satisfaction, number of children, and employment status. Survey data were
obtained from 116 urban Japanese women with children in the 2nd grade. Mothers with more children expressed greater personal
role commitment. Those who had sought employment were less likely to hold strong maternal role salience beliefs. Life satisfaction
was predicted by having more children, feeling efficacious as a parent, and being employed. These findings suggest that even
in a society characterized by strong normative expectations for women, women's life satisfaction and choices about family
life and employment are related to individual beliefs, attitudes, and judgments about their role. 相似文献
102.
103.
A semi-persistent adult ocular dominance plasticity in visual cortex is stabilized by activated CREB 下载免费PDF全文
Pham TA Graham SJ Suzuki S Barco A Kandel ER Gordon B Lickey ME 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(6):738-747
The adult cerebral cortex can adapt to environmental change. Using monocular deprivation as a paradigm, we find that rapid experience-dependent plasticity exists even in the mature primary visual cortex. However, adult cortical plasticity differs from developmental plasticity in two important ways. First, the effect of adult, but not juvenile monocular deprivation is strongly suppressed by administration of barbiturate just prior to recording visual evoked potentials, suggesting that the effect of adult experience can be inactivated acutely. Second, the effect of deprivation is less persistent over time in adults than in juveniles. This correlates with the known decline in CREB function during maturation of the visual cortex. To compensate for this decline in CREB function, we expressed persistently active VP16-CREB and find that it causes adult plasticity to become persistent. These results suggest that in development and adulthood, the regulation of a trans-synaptic signaling pathway controls the adaptive potential of cortical circuits. 相似文献
104.
Suzuki T 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2002,31(2):131-144
This study demonstrates that children's difficulties in the interpretation of passives are attributed to their perspective-taking ability. Thirty-six Japanese preschool children participated in act-out sentence comprehension tasks. They were asked to manipulate two toy animals to demonstrate the meaning of two types of stimulus sentences: Type I had the child's toy, whose reference involved the child's actual name (e.g., Jun-kun no neko Jun's cat) encoded as grammatical subject, while Type II had the child's toy encoded as non-subject. Since passive structures take the perspective of the patient-denoting subject NP, it is assumed that only Type I passives have the perspective that matches that of the child.The results show that children's performance on passives was significantly better in Type I than in Type II sentences. But this difference was not observed for active sentences. For those who showed (nearly) perfect performance on active sentences, only Type I passives were equally well understood. These results strongly suggest that perspective-taking difficulties mask children's true competence on passives and that even 6-year-olds may not yet have attained the full perspective-taking ability required for comprehension of passive sentences. 相似文献
105.
We investigated the association between alexithymic tendencies as measured by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the characteristics of aesthetic impressions for words and drawings. Impressions were measured using the semantic differential technique in three groups of Japanese students (High scores n = 31, Moderate scores n = 40, and a Control group n = 182) who were presented only words (Word condition), only drawings (Drawing condition), or pairs comprising one word plus one drawing that represented the same emotional categories (Drawing/Word condition). In a factor analysis on the data from participants, three factors (Evaluation, Activity, and Potency) were extracted. Based on the factor scores, the distances among the three conditions were calculated for each of the groups. For Potency, significant group differences were found between the Drawing/Word and other conditions. In the High-scoring alexithymia group, in particular, the Potency impressions based on tactile sensation, e.g., soft-hard, blunt-sharp, were amplified regardless of stimulus condition. These results are discussed in the context of somatosensory amplification associated with alexithymia and the difficulty of distinguishing between emotion and somatic sensations. 相似文献
106.
Many studies have indicated that recognition of facial expression is geometrically represented in terms of two underlying bipolar dimensions, pleasure-displeasure and the intensity of arousal. A psychological space defined by these two dimensions has been found under particular conditions using prototype faces: however, the question arises whether this two-dimensional psychological space is also an accurate representation for faces with lower emotional intensity. To test this we prepared four different conditions of emotional intensity (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of emotionality) for six basic facial expressions using morphing. Participants (29 for the 100%, 30 for 75%, 35 for 50%, and 34 for the 25% condition) in each condition rated the facial stimuli on a 6-point scale of "not at all" and "very much so". Multidimensional scaling for each condition clearly indicated a two-dimensional representation and multiple correlations showed significant similarity across conditions (p < .001). This shows that the two-dimensional representation of recognition of facial expression is robust. 相似文献
107.
Takuma Takehara Fumio Ochiai Naoto Suzuki 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(8):1508-1529
Various models have been proposed to increase understanding of the cognitive basis of facial emotions. Despite those efforts, interactions between facial emotions have received minimal attention. If collective behaviours relating to each facial emotion in the comprehensive cognitive system could be assumed, specific facial emotion relationship patterns might emerge. In this study, we demonstrate that the frameworks of complex networks can effectively capture those patterns. We generate 81 facial emotion images (6 prototypes and 75 morphs) and then ask participants to rate degrees of similarity in 3240 facial emotion pairs in a paired comparison task. A facial emotion network constructed on the basis of similarity clearly forms a small-world network, which features an extremely short average network distance and close connectivity. Further, even if two facial emotions have opposing valences, they are connected within only two steps. In addition, we show that intermediary morphs are crucial for maintaining full network integration, whereas prototypes are not at all important. These results suggest the existence of collective behaviours in the cognitive systems of facial emotions and also describe why people can efficiently recognize facial emotions in terms of information transmission and propagation. For comparison, we construct three simulated networks—one based on the categorical model, one based on the dimensional model, and one random network. The results reveal that small-world connectivity in facial emotion networks is apparently different from those networks, suggesting that a small-world network is the most suitable model for capturing the cognitive basis of facial emotions. 相似文献
108.
Taeko Wachi Kazumi Watanabe Kaeko Yokota Mamoru Suzuki Maki Hoshino Atsushi Sato Goro Fujita 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2007,4(1):29-52
This study of Japanese female serial arsonists examined their crimes and background characteristics. The data were a sample from the national police register containing arson cases resulting in charges in Japan between 1982 and 2005. Serial arsonists were 6% of the arson offenders and 12% of these were female, resulting in 83 female serial arsonist data sets. The mean age was 37.6 years and 43% were unemployed. Nearly half were married. Only 28% had a documented history of mental problems and 22% had a prior arrest, usually for theft (19%). Female serial arsonists are characterised by going to a place near their home with a lighter and setting fire directly to combustible materials. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyse 33 variables related to the offences. The arsons could be differentiated in terms of either expressive or instrumental sources of action. Expressive arsons were opportunistic and impulsive acts, motivated by emotional distress. The fires were mostly set close to home. Expressive arsons were characteristic of 66% of the females. Instrumental arsons were often motivated by revenge and involved planned and goal‐directed behaviours. They were committed by 13% of the females. Instrumental arsonists tended to travel further from home. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
Timothy D. Sweeny Marcia Grabowecky Satoru Suzuki Ken A. Paller 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(4):929-938
Unconscious processing of stimuli with emotional content can bias affective judgments. Is this subliminal affective priming merely a transient phenomenon manifested in fleeting perceptual changes, or are long-lasting effects also induced? To address this question, we investigated memory for surprise faces 24 h after they had been shown with 30-ms fearful, happy, or neutral faces. Surprise faces subliminally primed by happy faces were initially rated as more positive, and were later remembered better, than those primed by fearful or neutral faces. Participants likely to have processed primes supraliminally did not respond differentially as a function of expression. These results converge with findings showing memory advantages with happy expressions, though here the expressions were displayed on the face of a different person, perceived subliminally, and not present at test. We conclude that behavioral biases induced by masked emotional expressions are not ephemeral, but rather can last at least 24 h. 相似文献
110.
We tested the hypothesis that the level of reduced laterality in language is correlated with the degrees of schizotypal personality in healthy individuals and with their performance in the remote-associate task (RAT). A total of 53 healthy participants completed a schizotypal personality measure of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE; a questionnaire measuring the level of psychotic proneness), a consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC; requiring the identification of letter trigrams presented tachistoscopically in the left/right visual fields or both), measuring reduced language laterality and a remote-associate task (RAT; requiring to report a word, weakly associated with three cue words). Analysis revealed correlations between CVC and O-LIFE, as well as between CVC and RAT performance. The results suggest that reduced language lateralisation (reduced hemispheric integration) may play a role in schizophrenic language disorganization, as reflected in highly schizotypal individuals, and that hemispheric integration plays a role in the remote-associate task. 相似文献