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621.
Suzanne M. de la Monte Grover M. Hutchins G. William Moore 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1984,5(3):279-291
There are a large number of exogenous biological and chemical substances with known neoplastic or carcinogenic potential. However, it has also been postulated that external stimuli can influence the body's internal milieu, and thereby induce compensatory excessive growth of cells in the form of hyperplasia or neoplasia. In a recent study, we observed a strong association between chronic hypoxic states and the occurrence of peripheral neuroblastic tumors, a relatively uncommon group of neural neoplasms. In this report we review those findings and formulate an hypothesis to explain why conditions which lead to chronic erythrocytosis may also cause compensatory neoplasia of neural tissues. 相似文献
622.
Pairwise preference data are represented as a monotone integral transformation of difference on the underlying stimulus-object or utility scale. The class of monotone transformations considered is that in which the kernel of the integral is a linear combination of B-splines. Two types of data are analyzed: binary and continuous. The parameters of the transformation and the underlying scale values or utilities are estimated by maximum likelihood with inequality constraints on the transformation parameters. Various hypothesis tests and interval estimates are developed. Examples of artificial and real data are presented.This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada. 相似文献
623.
James W. Hall Todd A. Smith Suzanne L. Wegener Benton J. Underwood 《Memory & cognition》1981,9(4):360-367
In Experiment 1, complete presentation of the study list produced better free recall learning than did the usual item-by-item (discrete) presentation. The difference was large and held for items occurring one, two, or three times within a list, whether items were spaced or massed, and for discrete presentation rates of 2, 4, and 6 sec/item. Experiment 2 replicated this superiority of complete over discrete presentation (equating total study time), and Experiment 3 extended the finding to paired associate learning. Experiments 2 and 3 indicated that multiple presentations of a list at fast rates were superior to a single presentation at a more standard rate and only slightly inferior to a single, complete presentation. Practical implications for instruction were pointed out, as were problems that certain of the results pose for theories that emphasize strategic (or at least extended) processing of items for encoding. 相似文献
624.
Suzanne M. Skevington 《European journal of social psychology》1981,11(1):43-59
The applicability of Tajfel's social identity theory of intergroup relations was tested within a field situation of nursing, where high and low status trainee nursing groups are undergoing social change in status relations through a merger. The status relations of the two groups were assessed by examining advantages, disadvantages and subjective characteristics attributed to the groups. Close contact between groups may account for the unexpected reduction in intergroup differentiation when explict comparisons were made. No greater illegitimacy in perceived status relations was reported by the low status group, although more dissatisfactions were evidenced in terms of attributed disadvantages, a less positive ingroup identification, and a high proportion of the low status group who want change either through movement into the superior group, or by dissolving status relations through the merging of the two groups. Attempts to merge are geared towards increasing similarity between groups by gaining recognition for those high status characteristics the group believes it has acquired. With a view to social change, the non-mobile low status subgroup are evolving a new and positive social identity for the group, perceiving little difference between groups. Strong intergroup differentiation by the high status group reflects the perceived threat of social change to the high status group. 相似文献
625.
To secure information on which aspects of linguistic functioning might be mediated by the nondominant hemisphere, a test battery assessing sensitivity to narrational and humorous materials was administered to a population of right-hemisphere-damaged patients, as well as relevant control groups of normal, aging, and aphasic individuals. While elementary linguistic functioning was adequate, the right-hemisphere-injured groups exhibited consistent difficulties in respecting the boundaries of a fictive entity, assessing the plausibility of elements within a story or joke, selecting the appropriate punch line for a joke, and integrating elements of a story into a coherent narrative. Certain elements—specifically emotional content and noncanonical facts injected into a narrative—also posed characteristic difficulties for these patients. The results suggest that, in contrast to the other populations, right-hemisphere patients exhibit special difficulties in processing complex linguistic entities and in utilizing the surrounding context as they assess linguistic messages. 相似文献
626.
627.
Male and female students participated in an experiment designed to test specific hypotheses fromsexual strategies theory (Buss & Schmitt, 1993) regarding their preferences for certain personal and physical traits in a potential mate. Participants
distributed 50 points among a number of trait-pairs. The items consisted of a consensually valued trait-pair, “biologically
relevant” trait-pairs, and a reference to ethnic and cultural similarity. In Condition 1 participants distributed the points
among the trait-pairs without any additional information about the potential mate; Condition 2 participants distributed the
points after being asked to assume the potential mate possessed some biologically relevant traits. Males, compared to females,
assigned more points to trait-pairs signalling highreproductive value, and females, compared to males, assigned more points to trait-pairs signalling highresource potential. Male and female participants in Condition 2, compared to control participants, distributed more points among the opposite
genders’ preferred traits. Discussion focused on speculation that assuming a potential mate possessed biologically relevant
traits increases the desirability of other traits related to the solution of common and genderspecific long-term mating problems. 相似文献
628.
Multivariate nonparametric statistical methods have not been widely used by psychologists. One reason for this may have been that the usual general-purpose packages do not provide easy implementation of these methods. In this article, we briefly describe the multivariate extensions of the sign, signed-rank, and rank-sum tests and use S, a programming environment for data analysis, to implement these statistical procedures. Three numerical examples are used to illustrate the flexibility and efficiency of these computations in S. 相似文献
629.
Jeffrey G. Johnson Ph.D. Anthony Crofton Suzanne B. Feinstein 《Motivation and emotion》1996,20(4):285-297
A prospective study was conducted to investigate whether enhancing attributional style and positive life events are associated
with recovery from depression through the mediation of increased hopefulness, as predicted by the Needles and Abramson (1990)
model of recovery from depression. The Attributional Style Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale,
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Uplifts Scale, and Revised Hassles Scale were administered to 32 depressed psychiatric inpatients
shortly after admission and readministered a mean of 10 days later. The results indicated that the combined effects of enhancing
attributional style and positive life events predicted decreases in hopelessness, which were in turn associated with decreases
in depression symptom levels. By contrast, neither the combined effects of depressotypic attributional style and life events
nor the combined effects of dysfunctional attitudes and life events was associated with decreases in hopelessness or depression
symptom levels. 相似文献
630.
Richard S. Feldman Suzanne Salzinger Margaret Rosario Luz Alvarado Louis Caraballo Muriel Hammer 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(3):317-334
Behavior ratings by parents, teachers, and classmates of physically abused fourth to sixth graders, identified from the New York City Maltreatment Register, and case-matched classroom controls, showed substantial concurrence among informants: Parents and teachers both rated significantly more behavioral disturbance in the abused children, and peers' ratings were significantly correlated with adults' ratings, especially those by teachers. Children's exposure to spouse or partner physical abuse, which had a substantial prevalence among both child-abusing and control families, reduced the difference in disturbance ratings between children who were themselves physically abused and those who were not. Overall, we conclude that physically abused children show pervasive behavioral disturbance, in that parents, teachers, and classmates all see higher levels of behavior problems and lower levels of socially desirable behavior in them compared to their nonmaltreated peers.This research was supported in part by research grant R01MH38814 and Clinical Research Center grant MH30906 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The authors thank the New York City Child Welfare Administration, especially Terry Weiss, for facilitating access to the Maltreatment Register; the NYC Board of Education for access to schools; and the many participating superintendents, principals, and teachers. Some preliminary data were presented as a poster at the Meetings of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, New York, 1989. 相似文献