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451.
In the current analysis of classic conditioning with regard to the phenomenon of drug tolerance, there is empirical evidence of interoceptive pharmacologic cues and of exteroceptive cues, which are associated with the effect of the drug. The former could overshadow the latter. The aim of the present investigation was to contribute experimental data about the interaction that occurs between these two kinds of cues. For this purpose, a set of interoceptive and exteroceptive cues was presented as conditioned stimulus, together with an unconditioned stimulus that corresponded to the ataxic effects of ethanol. The results showed that the interoceptive cues were associated with the ataxic effect of ethanol, and they produced a tolerance response of the same intensity as the exteroceptive cues. 相似文献
452.
Background
There is a lack of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) of psychotherapeutic treatments.Material and methods
Cost-effectiveness analysis was applied to a sub-sample of 122 psychotherapy outpatients who participated in a large longitudinal study on outpatient psychotherapy (TRANS-OP study). Participants received either psychodynamic psychotherapy (PD, n=69) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT, n=53). Effectiveness (change in symptomatic impairment over 2 years) was assessed via the German version of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Direct health care costs during a 2-year period (psychotherapy and other health care utilizations) were obtained from health insurance claims. Cost-effectiveness analysis methods included incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) and the net benefit regression approach.Results
Cost-effectiveness analyses showed no significant differences between the two treatments, neither head-to-head, nor with regard to advantages in certain subgroups of psychotherapy outpatients. A slight dominance of CBT in costs was not maintained after controlling for covariates.Conclusion
Provided that pivotal covariates such as treatment need are taken into account, cost-effectiveness analyses can contribute to a more equitable distribution of psychotherapeutic resources. 相似文献453.
Susanne Koessler Harald Engler Carsten Riether Johanna Kissler 《Psychological science》2009,20(11):1356-1363
ABSTRACT— Stress affects memory, yet no study has investigated the effects of stress on memory inhibition: Remembering not only facilitates later recall, but also inhibits retrieval of related material, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting. We investigated the effects of stress on this mechanism, which is thought to adaptively guide memory selection. Participants learned categorized lists and were then exposed to either a psychosocial laboratory stressor or a cognitively challenging control treatment. They then actively retrieved parts of the previously learned material. Finally, memory for all initially learned items was tested. In the stress group, unlike in the control group, intervening retrieval practice did not impair final recall. Moreover, salivary cortisol levels increased and psychological well-being decreased in the stress group only. Thus, psychosocial stress abolishes retrieval-induced forgetting. This effect may result from stress-induced hormone release from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and may have implications for educational, legal, and clinical issues. 相似文献
454.
In an auditory four-alternative forced choice localization task, participants had to localize one of two simultaneously presented
sounds while ignoring the location of the second sound. Negative priming—that is, sloweddown responses to a location that
had to be ignored in the previous trial—was found only when the sound at the repeated location changed between prime and probe.
There was also no increase in prime response errors to the probes of ignored repetition trials. These findings allow for the
conclusion that auditory location priming is caused by feature mismatch only and that other mechanisms, such as inhibition
of ignored locations or episodic retrieval of transfer-inappropriate prime information, do not play a role. The research reported
in this article was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ma 2610/2-1). 相似文献
455.
456.
This paper is about one of the puzzles of bodily self-consciousness: can an experience be both and at the same time an experience of one′s physicality and of one′s subjectivity? We will answer this question positively by determining a form of experience where the body′s physicality is experienced in a non-reifying manner. We will consider a form of experience of oneself as bodily which is different from both “prenoetic embodiment” and “pre-reflective bodily consciousness” and rather corresponds to a form of reflective access to subjectivity at the bodily level. In particular, we argue that subjectivity is bodily expressed, thereby allowing the experience of the body′s subjectivity directly during perceptual experiences of the body. We use an interweaving of phenomenological explorations and ethnographical methods which allows validating this proposal by considering the experience of body experts (dancers). 相似文献
457.
Dr. Constanze Hausteiner Susanne Bornschein Dennis Nowak Peter Henningsen 《Psychotherapeut》2007,52(5):373-385
Environmental medicine focuses on acute and chronic effects of chemical and physical environmental influences on health as measured objectively and perceived subjectively. Since these influences are very complex, continuously changing and only partially accessible in scientific experiments, subjective causal attributions can be difficult to prove or disprove. Patients with symptoms attributed to environmental triggers perceive health threats from commonly used chemical agents or electromagnetic radiation, frequently without objective findings. Typical examples are “multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)”, a generalized self-reported hypersensitivity towards ubiquitous chemicals, or “amalgam sensitivity”, where symptoms are attributed to amalgam from dental fillings. Here, the reported symptoms are almost invariably unspecific and show a high overlap with other medically unexplained syndromes. Based on modern psychosomatic conceptualizations, many environment associated illnesses can be regarded as somatoform disorders and treated as such. Apart from a high psychiatric comorbidity, special attention should be paid to dysfunctional cognitions, emotions and behaviour, and the patient’s often limited quality of life. 相似文献
458.
The right of inspection in the hospital documents, the hospital discharge report for example, is often refused to patients in in-patient psychotherapeutic treatment (psychiatry, psychosomatic and psychotherapeutic medicine) with reference to the protection of the patients themselves, their doctors or relatives. Within a systemic therapy approach patients of an acute psychosomatic care unit in a hospital the patients could inspect the report of their hospital treatment including all ?objective” and ?subjective” data of their hospital stay. The conversation with patients and their relatives about this report and modifications of the details and addresses of the report in case of patients’ objections is considered as a psychotherapeutic tool (narrative of doctor and patient) in order to improve the transparency of the diagnostic and therapeutic process and the insights in the psychosomatic mechanisms of the patient’s disease. We discuss our organisation of cocreating the hospital discharge report and our experiences with this type of patient-doctor-communication. 相似文献
459.
Überlegungen zur theoretischen Fundierung der Disziplin Wirtschaftsinformatik, ausgehend von der allgemeinen Systemtheorie 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Susanne Patig 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2001,32(1):39-64
Using general system theory as a theoretical foundation of business information systems science. The science of business information systems is looking for its theoretical foundations. In this article general system theory
is adapted to serve as such a theoretical foundation. The adapted general system theory is reconstructed using the structuralistic
approach to reveal the empirical claims of this theory and to analyse scientific progress in the science of business information
systems.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
460.
Philosophia - This article examines the role of moods in aesthetic experience by focussing on film. It considers specifically the function of moods in relation to narrative and aesthetic... 相似文献