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111.
Martin Buschkuehl Luis Hernandez-Garcia Susanne M. Jaeggi Jessica A. Bernard John Jonides 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2014,14(1):147-160
Working memory training has been the focus of intense research interest. Despite accumulating behavioral work, knowledge about the neural mechanisms underlying training effects is scarce. Here, we show that 7 days of training on an n-back task led to substantial performance improvements in the trained task; furthermore, the experimental group showed cross-modal transfer, as compared with an active control group. In addition, there were two neural effects that emerged as a function of training: first, increased perfusion during task performance in selected regions, reflecting a neural response to cope with high task demand; second, increased blood flow at rest in regions where training effects were apparent. We also found that perfusion at rest was correlated with task proficiency, probably reflecting an improved neural readiness to perform. Our findings are discussed within the context of the available neuroimaging literature on n-back training. 相似文献
112.
As part of the longitudinal study ?Chances and risks during the life course“, the emergence of deviant and delinquent behavior is studied. The data basis of the present study consists of self-reports of male ninth grade pupils from Dortmund and Nuremberg schools (n?=?726). Particularly, data applying to perpetration of an offence in the past year were analyzed, including dark-figures data for violent offences. The indices for violent crime were related to several psychosocial characteristics (e.g. violence-approving attitudes, self-centered personality traits and corporal punishment by parents), considering type of school and migration background. From a developmental psychopathology perspective, these psychosocial characteristics can contribute to juvenile delinquency and violence. Overall, the empirical findings suggest that juveniles with migration backgrounds show significantly more violence and peer delinquency than juveniles without migration backgrounds. Furthermore, there seems to be empirical evidence that there are significant differences between violent offenders and non-violent offenders or young people with migration backgrounds and young people without migration backgrounds, respectively, with regard to various psychosocial characteristics. Additional results refer to school type specific analyses. Limitations of the present study and implications of the findings for future research on juvenile violence are discussed focusing on violence prevention and interventional approaches. 相似文献
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Shubhangi Arora Eden Haverfield Gabriele Richard Susanne B. Haga Rachel Mills 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(2):337-343
Currently, there are limited data regarding the practice of genetic counseling for whole exome sequencing (WES). Improved understanding of how genetic counselors and other providers are educating, counseling, and communicating results may identify practice trends, and patient or provider needs. Between April 2013 and December 2014, we surveyed providers who ordered WES testing from GeneDx, a CLIA-certified laboratory. Forty-nine respondents completed the survey; 41 % of participants reported board certification in genetic counseling. Pre-test and post-test counseling was completed in all but one case each. Pre-test counseling lasted less than 1 h for 53 % of cases and 1 to 2 h for 43 %. Topics discussed with all patients included consent for testing, and incidental findings; other topics were variable. In contrast to pre-test counseling, 59 % reported post-test counseling lasting 1 to 2 h and 33 % less than an hour; post-testing counseling was significantly longer in cases with a definitive diagnosis than those without (p?=?0.0129). The survey findings indicate some variability regarding the amount of time spent on counseling and the topics discussed during pre-test counseling. Additional exploration, patient and provider educational resources, and potentially more specific guidelines regarding counseling for WES may be warranted. 相似文献
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Stenling Andreas Henning Georg Bjälkebring Pär Tafvelin Susanne Kivi Marie Johansson Boo Lindwall Magnus 《Motivation and emotion》2021,45(1):91-94
Motivation and Emotion - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The foot note text has been overlapped with the article text. However, it is now correct and given... 相似文献
119.
Susanne Relke Immo Fritsche Torsten Masson Katharine H. Greenaway 《Journal of applied social psychology》2024,54(3):131-146
Chronic illness has negative impacts beyond those on physical health. In particular, because it is often experienced as uncontrollable, chronic illness might reduce people's general sense of personal control and, subsequently, personal well-being. Drawing on recent theory and research, we proposed and tested in four experiments (Ntotal = 1323) a potential buffer to these negative effects: thinking about an agentic social ingroup in one's life. In Study 1, patients suffering from a chronic illness that was either high or low in medical disease controllability were asked either to think about an agentic ingroup or a personal issue. Low perceived disease-related control was associated with low perceived personal control only when participants' personal self, but not when their ingroup, was salient. In three follow-up vignette studies, we asked participants to take the perspective of a person who suffered from a health problem of low medical disease controllability and attended a self-help group that was described as either high or low in agency. The findings supported the predicted buffering effect: participants who reflected on a target suffering from a low control disease thought that the target would experience more personal control when the agentic (vs. the nonagentic) self-help group was salient. These findings suggest ingroups can serve as a source of personal control in the context of health-related threats to the extent that they are perceived as agentic. Thus, focusing on agentic properties of (health-related) ingroups might be a promising novel strategy when designing effective group-based interventions to cope with chronic illness. 相似文献
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Preschoolers (N=322 in preschool, 100 in kindergarten) were assessed longitudinally to examine the self-regulatory roots of emotion knowledge (labelling and situation) and the contributions of emotion knowledge to early school adjustment (i.e., including social, motivational, and behavioural indices), as well as moderation by age, gender, and risk. Age, gender, and risk differences in emotion knowledge were also examined. Emotion knowledge skills were found to be more advanced in older children and those not at economic risk, and in those with higher levels of self-regulation. Overall, the results support the role of emotion knowledge in early school adjustment and academic success even with gender, age, and risk covaried, especially for boys, older preschoolers, and those at economic risk. 相似文献