Sex-role typing as related to acceptance of self, acceptance of others, and discriminatory attitudes toward women

This study examines four hypotheses relating sex-role typing to self-acceptance, acceptance of others, and sexist attitudes toward women. University students completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the Berger Self-Acceptance Scale, and the Macho Scale. Findings showed more self-acceptance than acceptance of others among masculine-typed subjects and more acceptance of others than self-acceptance among feminine-typed subjects. Feminine-typed males and masculine-type females showed least self-acceptance among the six groups, while androgynous subjects showed highest self-acceptance. Masculine-typed males were least accepting of others and scored highest in discriminatory attitudes toward women. Male subjects showed greater variability than did female subjects on all scales, and Bem's measure of sex-role typing proved a more efficient moderator of scores of males than of those of females. Additional personality and behavioral research with sex-role typing variables is proposed.     

ATTITUDES TOWARD PROSTITUTION AS A FUNCTION OF ATTITUDES TOWARD FEMINISM IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Eighty-nine male and female undergraduates completed the Attitudes toward Feminism Scale and the author-devised Attitudes Toward Prostitution Scale, which contained five factors. Profeminist attitudes were related to three out of five factors. Respondents scoring in a profeminist direction were more likely to view prostitution as reflecting exploitation and subordination of women, less likely to believe women become prostitutes out of economic necessity, and less likely to approve of decriminalization and legalization of prostitution. Gender differences also appeared that were not explained by differences in profeminist attitudes: women were more likely than men to disagree with decriminalization and legalization efforts and were more likely to view prostitution as reflecting exploitation and subordination.     

The effects of target borders on dynamic visual acuity: practical and theoretical implications

The effects of target borders on the ability of observers to resolve moving targets (Landolt Cs) under a range of conditions were examined. Contrary to reported findings with stationary targets, it was predicted that the presence of borders would improve acuity for slow-moving targets because (i) overall stimulus energy is kept relatively constant as target detail varies, and (ii) a low-spatial-frequency component is held constant as target detail varies. In an experiment in which a two-sided border (above and below the target) was used, the predicted beneficial effect of the border at slow speeds was obtained. The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for the assessment of dynamic visual acuity as well as the potential neural mechanisms underlying performance.     

Psychological assessment of prematurely born infants and young children

The current literature on the cognitive, perceptual, motor, and personal-social development of prematurely born children is reviewed. The implications of this literature for the psychological assessment of prematurely born infants and young children are then discussed.