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171.
Sandy Jung Lisa Jamieson Karen Buro John DeCesare 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2012,22(3):225-238
The current study examines the inherent biases about sexual offending held by 123 laypersons and 120 professionals (i.e. probation officers and therapists). In order to determine the extent of these biases, a series of brief newspaper articles were constructed to depict cases of sexual offenders. Each article comprised several combinations of key variables, including offender type, level of admission, and the presence of alcohol. Participants read a series of three fabricated articles and then completed a questionnaire regarding attitudes about the various offenders. The results indicate important differences between the lay and professional samples. Laypersons deemed sex offenders more favourably in terms of character, accountability, and risk for sexual recidivism. However, both groups showed some similar perceptions about sexual offending. Specifically, both groups evaluated child molesters more negatively than exhibitionists and in some cases, rapists. These findings highlight the need for continuing education for professionals in order to attenuate the effects of prejudicial attitudes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
172.
The Association of Externalizing Behavior and Parent–Child Relationships: An Intergenerational Study
Judith S. Brook Jung Yeon Lee Stephen J. Finch Elaine N. Brown 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):418-427
We investigated the influence of the child’s behavior on the quality of the mutual parent–child attachment relationships across
three generations. We did so using a prospective longitudinal study which spanned 20 years from adolescence through adulthood.
Study participants completed in-class questionnaires as students in the East Harlem area of New York City at the first wave
and provided follow-up data at 4 additional points in time. 390 participants were included in these analyses; 59% female,
45% African American, and 55% Puerto Rican. Using structural equation modeling, we determined that externalizing behavior
in the child was negatively related to the mutual parent–child attachment relationship for two generations of children. We
also found continuity in externalizing behavior for the participant over time and from the participant to his/her child. Additionally,
we found continuity in the quality of the mutual attachment relationship from the participant’s relationship with his/her
parents to the participant’s relationship with his/her child. Finally, the mutual attachment relationship of the participant
with his/her parents had a negative association with the participant’s externalizing behavior in adulthood. Based on these
results, we propose that family interventions should focus on the role of the child’s externalizing behavior in the context
of the parent–child attachment relationship. Furthermore, we suggest that prevention programs should address externalizing
behavior as early as possible, as the effects of externalizing behavior in adolescence can persist into adulthood and extend
to the next generation. 相似文献
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174.
Shih‐Chieh Chuang Yin‐Hui Cheng Chia‐Jung Chang Yu‐Ting Chiang 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(4):660-675
This research reports an investigation into whether the personality aspect of self‐confidence affects the compromise effect. We hypothesize that highly self‐confident people have greater certainty in making decisions and are more attracted to risk‐taking, which makes them less likely to choose the safe or middle option in a large choice set. The three studies involved are conducted using between‐ and within‐subjects experimental designs. Various product categories are used to generalize the findings. Study 1 looks at purchasing decisions and utilizes three scales of self‐confidence, risk preference, and uncertainty; it demonstrates that consumers with high self‐confidence are less likely to choose a compromise option due to high certainty in their decision‐making. Study 2 discovers that people with low self‐confidence are more likely to choose the middle option in a risky condition than in a nonrisky condition. Study 3 decomposes self‐confidence into general and specific self‐confidence, and reveals that people with low general self‐confidence and low specific self‐confidence are more likely to choose the middle option. 相似文献
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176.
Younbo Jung Jeff Hall Renyi Hong Tiffany Goh Natalynn Ong Nathanael Tan 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2014,17(3):160-172
This experimental investigation explores differences in reciprocal norms between friends and strangers and the effects of culture on reciprocity. Based on altruistic and strong reciprocity theories, a hybrid trust‐dictator game tested the influence of relationship (i.e. friends vs. strangers), treatment (i.e. positive vs. negative) and culture (i.e. collectivistic vs. individualistic) on reciprocation. The results show that participants reciprocated more positively when treated positively in general. However, the results demonstrate intercultural differences in reciprocal norms, specifically in the negative treatment condition. Participants from the individualistic culture provided stronger punishment to the norm violator, compared to participants from the collectivistic culture. We discuss implications of the impact of relationship and culture on reciprocation with respect to the olive branch response. 相似文献
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180.
The Attitude Toward Own Aging (ATOA) Scale assesses an individual’s evaluation of their own aging, and has been widely used in the field of subjective aging literature. The present study examined whether the ATOA scale measures the same construct across middle-aged (40–60), young-old (61–74), and old-old adults (ages 75 or older) and also evaluated the construct validity of the ATOA construct in relation to measures of subjective well-being. Data drawn from the 2008 wave of the German Aging Survey (DEAS; n?=?6091) were used. ATOA was assessed by the ATOA subscale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS), and subjective well-being was assessed with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model fit of the one-factor model consisting of four items fits the data well. Multi-group invariance analyses provide evidence for configural and metric invariance of the ATOA scale across the age groups, but not for scalar invariance. Additional analysis assessing construct validity indicated that the ATOA items exhibited convergent validity. The findings support the utility of the 4-item scale when examining age group differences of ATOA across a wide age range and that ATOA is distinct from measures of subjective well-being. 相似文献