聋童和正常儿童在内隐和外显记忆上的发展差异

本研究采用自行编制计算机化的加工分离程序(PDP)．旨在探讨聋童和正常儿童是否在内隐和外显记忆上存在不同的发展模式。结果显示：(1)人群和年龄对内隐记忆没有显著影响,而外显记忆存在显著的人群差异和年龄差异;(2)外显记忆的人群和年龄存在显著的交互作用,聋童随年龄增长,其外显记忆存在显著的发展,而正常儿童的外显记忆有略微的下降。本研究结果支持意识和无意识的权衡理论．并为聋童教育提供了一些启示。     

Multiple risk expert systems interventions: impact of simultaneous stage-matched expert system interventions for smoking, high-fat diet, and sun exposure in a population of parents.

Three stage-based expert system interventions for smoking, high-fat diet, and unsafe sun exposure were evaluated in a sample of 2,460 parents of teenagers. Eighty-four percent of the eligible parents were enrolled in a 2-arm randomized control trial, with the treatment group receiving individualized feedback reports for each of their relevant behaviors at 0, 6, and 12 months as well as a multiple behavior manual. At 24 months, the expert system outperformed the comparison condition across all 3 risk behaviors, resulting in 22% of the participants in action or maintenance for smoking (vs. 16% for the comparison condition), 34% for diet (vs. 26%), and 30% for sun exposure (vs. 22%). Proactive, home-based, and stage-matched expert systems can produce significant multiple behavior changes in at-risk populations where the majority of participants are not prepared to change.     

地方政府间竞争:经济溢出和技术溢出视角

推进区域经济协调发展已成为国家战略的重要组成部分。本文在现有研究基础上,首次提出区域间经济溢出与技术溢出整合分析框架,以引资政策竞争为切入点,构建地方政府博弈模型,探讨区域竞争效应,并通过对模型推演得出一系列推论。研究发现,在追求自身利益最大化的条件下,地方政府会充分考虑其决策对其它地区的经济与技术溢出效应,透过对双重溢出效应相对大小的考量,并结合短期或长期利益追求以及自身所处客观环境条件而做出相应的战略选择,据此能够理解我国地方政府竞争与合作行为,特别是对现实中地方政府引资竞争中为何屡屡出现恶性竞争现象给予了符合逻辑的解读。技术溢出效应导致区域创新投入并不一定能够显著促进本区域经济的快速增长,特别是对短期经济目标的追求。所以,需要更高层面的政府打破行政区域限制,构建跨区域的创新平台,推动创新要素的流动和合理配置,扩大技术溢出效应,这也使得设计整体社会利益最大化追求机制成为可能。     

高校校长变革型领导行为的测量及其对教师组织承诺的影响

通过文献检索及对43名高校校长及其直接下属的访谈,经专家讨论,编制了中国高校校长变革型领导行为量表。515份数据的探索性因素分析和461份数据的验证性因素分析结果表明,中国高校校长的变革型领导行为是五因素结构,即德行垂范、关怀激发、愿景激励、领导魅力、团结协作。问卷具有良好的信效度。回归分析结果表明,高校校长的变革型领导行为对教师组织承诺具有正向影响,其中,教师的内部动机与学校的组织氛围对二者的关系具有完全中介作用。     

Regional gray matter volume is associated with rejection sensitivity: A voxel-based morphometry study

Rejection sensitivity (RS) can be defined as the disposition that one tends to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to rejection. High-RS individuals are more likely to suffer mental disorders. Previous studies have investigated brain activity during social rejection using different kinds of rejection paradigms and have provided neural evidence of individual differences in response to rejection cues, but the association between individual differences in RS and brain structure has never been investigated. In this study, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) and RS in a large healthy sample of 150 men and 188 women. The participants completed the RS Questionnaire and underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan. Multiple regression was used to analyze the correlation between regional GMV and RS scores, adjusting for age, sex, and total brain GMV. These results showed that GMV in the region of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus was negatively associated with RS, and GMV in the region of the inferior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with RS. These findings suggest a relationship between individual differences in RS and GMV in brain regions that are primarily related to social cognition.     

中国人孝道心理的现状与变迁

采用问卷法,通过分层抽样对347名不同性别、专业及年龄段人群的孝道心理进行调查。结果显示：（1）人们总体上对孝道高度认同,其中女性的＂尽孝程度＂自评显著高于男性;（2）人们心中＂极力反对的孝行＂、＂不符合当代潮流的孝行＂及＂不易做的孝行＂三者高度一致;（3）人们心中＂孝子应该做的孝行＂、＂能充分展现孝心的孝行＂及＂当代社会仍非常重要的孝行＂三者也很一致。通过与黄坚厚等人的研究对比发现：自1982年以来,中国人的孝道心理并未发生根本改变。     

环境外部性非内部化的原因与对策:政府的视角

由于政府的缘故而产生的环境外部性的非内部化是普遍可观察的事实.本文讨论了它的两种重要类型及其产生原因,并提出了一些对策建议,如建立更加科学的考核政府官员政绩的标准体系、以适当的制度保证公民的评价能够影响官员的政绩考核和任命过程等.     

Elastic modelling of periodic composites with particle interactions

The mechanical properties of periodic composites containing identical spherical particles are investigated using the principles of micromechanics and homogenization procedures. The averaged strain and stress fields are derived in terms of an eight-particle interaction. The effective elasticity with the cubic symmetry tensor is explicitly obtained. If the interaction term is dropped, then one recovers the conventional Mori–Tanaka model. With further approximations, the dilute model and the self-consistent model can also be obtained within the proposed framework. It is observed that the particle interactions make no contribution to the effective bulk modulus, a result that is consistent with other models and experiments for composites with cubic lattices.     

第三届海峡两岸(鹰潭·龙虎山)道教文化论坛开幕

由中国道教协会主办,陕西省道教协会、北京白云观、香港青松观、陕西重阳宫承办,陕西省社科院道学研究中心、香港全真道研究中心、西安市道教协会协办的以“道衍全真、和谐同德”为主题的重阳祖师灵柩安奉大典暨全真道济世思想学术研讨会,于2009年11月18日至19日在陕西重阳宫隆重举行。     

医学经验主义的贫困

医学中的经验主义曾给人类带来了巨大损失,也妨碍了医学的发展,经验主义的医学知识是不可靠的,这是因为医学经验主义在认识论,方法论,真理观三个方面存在着自身难以克服的错误,因此在医学工作中,只有自觉掌握并运用唯物辩证法,引入实践的观点,把实践作为检验真理的唯一标准,以科学与理性取代经验主义,不能通过对理论的扬弃来推动医学的进步。