三苏论管仲的异同及形成原因

学术界对管仲的研究越来越深入细致,对三苏的研究更是全面精微,遗憾的是几乎没有人研究管仲和三苏之间的联系,事实上三苏对管仲都非常关注,甚至各自都有同题文章《管仲论》,本文正是拟从前人的这些缺憾入手,深入系统地分析研究三苏对管仲的评价与论述,从而深层次地分析管仲的历史影响以及三苏对同一历史人物的相同与不同的看法,更全面地了解三苏其人其事和管仲其人其书。     

《资本论》及其手稿的哲学地位

<资本论>及其手稿的哲学地位,长期以来被理论界低估了,这主要表现在以下几个方面:(1)人们长期以来把<资本论>看做经济学著作,而不是哲学著作,这必然妨碍了对<资本论>哲学意义的开掘;(2)改革开放以后开始了对<资本论>哲学意义的探讨,但大都停留在逻辑学和方法论层面,而没有深入到历史观层面;(3)对<资本论>手稿哲学意义和哲学地位探讨的论著更少.     

Asymmetrical stimulus generalization following differential fear conditioning

Rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are ethologically critical social signals. Rats emit 22 kHz USVs and 50 kHz USVs, respectively, in conjunction with negative and positive affective states. Little is known about what controls emotional reactivity to these social signals. Using male Sprague–Dawley rats, we examined unconditional and conditional freezing behavior in response to the following auditory stimuli: three 22 kHz USVs, a discontinuous tone whose frequency and on–off pattern matched one of the USVs, a continuous tone with the same or lower frequencies, a 4 kHz discontinuous tone with an on–off pattern matched to one of the USVs, and a 50 kHz USV. There were no differences among these stimuli in terms of the unconditional elicitation of freezing behavior. Thus, the stimuli were equally neutral before conditioning. During differential fear conditioning, one of these stimuli (the CS⁺) always co-terminated with a footshock unconditional stimulus (US) and another stimulus (the CS⁻) was explicitly unpaired with the US. There were no significant differences among these cues in CS⁺-elicited freezing behavior. Thus, the stimuli were equally salient or effective as cues in supporting fear conditioning. When the CS⁺ was a 22 kHz USV or a similar stimulus, rats discriminated based on the principal frequency and/or the temporal pattern of the stimulus. However, when these same stimuli served as the CS⁻, discrimination failed due to generalization from the CS⁺. Thus, the stimuli differed markedly in the specificity of conditioning. This strikingly asymmetrical stimulus generalization is a novel bias in discrimination.     

Effects of seat position on perception of power in Chinese traditional culture

In China, some rituals show that power is represented by seat positions. The current study empirically investigated the relationship between seat position and perception of power, and the cultural differences in this relationship. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to arrange seats for people with different power. The results showed that seats for high‐power people were placed facing the door while others’ seats were placed with their backs to the door. In Experiment 2, a priming task was employed to test the link between seat position and perception of power. Results revealed that after pictures of the seat facing the door were primed, judgments for high‐power words were more accurate and faster than for low‐power words, as compared to priming with the condition of the seat with its back to the door. A Stroop task was employed in Experiment 3 to explore cultural differences. Results showed that Chinese participants judged high‐power words faster in the congruent trials than in the incongruent trials, but no such difference was found in African participants. These findings suggest that the concept of power can be partly represented by seat position in China.     

进化心理学视角下经济压力对女性择偶偏好影响研究

摘 要 择偶是婚姻过程中一个非常重要的环节,女性择偶是近年来研究的热门话题。本研究从进化心理学的择偶理论出发,研究女性在经济压力之下的择偶偏好。研究用实验的方法,结果表明（1）女性在经济压力之下,更青睐具有“好资源”的男性（2）对照组女性在外显测量的情况下往往表示更喜欢男性的“好爸爸”特质,而在阈下测量时,无论哪一组的女性都更重视男性的社会经济地位。研究结果表明,女性择偶时普遍更重视资源线索,在经济压力之下,这种择偶偏好更加明显。     

心理贫穷感对决策的影响

“贫穷感”是个体与金钱相关的、相对稳定的内心感受,包含不安全感、焦虑感、厌恶感、不满足感和金钱关注五个维度,用以描述个体与金钱相关的认知和情绪上的差异。其概念内涵由28位心理学专家和社会学专家共同界定。贫穷感自评量表是一个15题5点Likert量表。通过问卷法对420位社会人员测量发现,贫穷感与生命史Mini-K测量结果显著负相关。贫穷感越高的个体越倾向于生命史快策略。     

经济压力对女性择偶偏好影响的实验研究

择偶是婚姻过程中一个非常重要的环节,女性择偶是近年来研究的热门话题。从进化心理学的择偶理论出发,研究女性在经济压力之下的择偶偏好。使用自由回忆法对女性择偶偏好进行测量,结果表明:(1)女性在经济压力之下,更青睐具有“好资源”的男性;(2)无论哪一组的女性都更重视男性的社会经济地位。研究结果表明,女性择偶时普遍更重视资源线索,在经济压力之下,这种择偶偏好更加明显。     

基督教人性观在当代的发展

本文对基督教传统的人性观进行了概括,简要梳理了现代基督教人观的发展。本文中名为"奥古斯丁—阿奎那传统"的传统人观强调人内在与外在的区别,认为"上帝的形象"体现在无性别的单一灵魂或者理性中,这种实在的理性将人与万物区别开来。与这种实体性的人观相反,现代基督教人观更强调人存在于与某种超越的终极实在的关系之中,以及人作为男性或女性与其他人形成的关系之中。人格的人是每个人发展这两个方面位格关系所有的结果。成为人首先意味着成为一个男人或者女人,以此差别为基础反映了三位一体上帝的形象。现代基督教人观打破了自启蒙以来把人理解为"理性人"的抽象观念。     

藏传佛教宁玛派传承见地略论——兼论土观大师对藏传佛教宁玛派传承见地之评介

土观.洛桑却吉尼玛在其著作《一切宗派源流与教义善说晶镜史》①一书中对藏传佛教各宗派的法系脉流、树宗立论、见地思想等方面作了深入细致的考察、研究,其材料取舍得当,其概括钩玄,其旨趣精确恰当,其见地广泛深刻,成为研究藏传佛教的案头之作。本文在土观大师关于宁玛派传承见地的评介基础上,对藏传佛教宁玛派传承见地做了进一步的探究,从而认为土观大师对宁玛派教法的论述,虽有门户之分,却未持门户之见,对前期宁玛派见地的论述是站在客观立场上的,评价也比较公允。     

句容葛仙观

葛仙观原名叫“青元观”,始建于宋皇佑二年,由葛玄、葛洪的故宅改建而成,主要供奉葛玄、葛洪二位真人,原观内建有紫微、北极、三官、东岳四房道院,并有葛玄炼丹用井一口即“青元丹井”现井栏收