Influence of personality traits on parasocial relationship with sports celebrities: A hierarchical approach

Using the 3M Model of Motivation and Personality as a theoretical framework, this study develops a three‐level hierarchy of personality traits predictive of fans' parasocial relationship with sports celebrities. Specifically, the findings show that parasocial relationship with sports celebrities is determined positively by materialism (the elemental trait), negatively by self‐esteem (the compound trait) and positively by interest in sports spectatorship (the situational trait). Practical and academic implications are provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响——来自ERP的证据

选择性注意能够作用于视觉信息加工的不同阶段。各个注意阶段均受到老化过程的影响,其中注意早期阶段的老化研究对于理解认知老化的发生机制有重要意义。本文系统地梳理了刺激前的注意预期阶段以及刺激后200 ms内的早期感知注意阶段的正常老年人和青年人ERP比较研究,以探讨正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。现有证据表明,相对于青年人,正常老年人：(1)多个早期ERP注意效应(包括注意预期ADAN,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SP和SN)在潜伏期上都存在显著延迟;(2)在振幅上,不同ERP注意效应的老化表现存在差异：某些ERP成分(包括注意预期EDAN,以及早期空间注意P1)的注意效应没有明显减弱,而某些ERP成分(包括注意预期alpha,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SN)的注意效应受到老化调控;(3)一些注意效应(包括特征注意SP成分,以及客体注意P1和N1成分)的目标增强机制保留,而干扰抑制机制缺损。目前已有研究在老化对注意效应振幅的调控上还存在不一致,这可能与研究的信噪比、任务难度、注意机制分离以及老年人的个体差异有关。未来研究应考虑这些因素以更好地探究正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。     

“I Am Sorry to Send You SPAM”

A series of studies investigating cultural differences in apology usage in unsolicited email advertising messages (i.e., SPAM) are reported. Study 1 documented that in comparison to American SPAM, a greater percentage of Korean SPAM included apologies. The next five studies (Ns= 516, 3132, 662, 524, 536) tested various explanations for cross‐cultural differences in uses of, and responses to, apologies. Findings indicated that advertising messages containing apologies were not necessarily more effective than advertising messages without apologies. Koreans, however, considered advertising messages with apologies as more credible and normal and exhibited a greater tendency to model other people's apology use than did Americans. Thus, the frequent presence of apologies in Korean unsolicited email advertising is likely to be based on Koreans' modeling behavior (i.e., a greater tendency to follow social norms).     

Gender Differences in the Relationships between Parental Marital Conflict,Differentiation from the Family of Origin,and Children’s Marital Stability

Abstract

This study aimed to examine gender differences in the relationships between parental marital conflict, differentiation from the family of origin, and children’s martial stability. Data were collected from 453 married individuals in South Korea. The results revealed that parental marital conflict was directly related to children’s marital stability albeit only among married men. Emotional cutoff and family projection mediated the relationship between parental marital conflict and children’s marital stability among men and women, respectively. These findings can be used to develop gender-specific evidence-based interventions that enhance marital stability (e.g., programs for married and premarital couples).     

A Critical Assessment of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing in Quantitative Communication Research

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is the most widely accepted and frequently used approach to statistical inference in quantitative communication research. NHST, however, is highly controversial, and several serious problems with the approach have been identified. This paper reviews NHST and the controversy surrounding it. Commonly recognized problems include a sensitivity to sample size, the null is usually literally false, unacceptable Type II error rates, and misunderstanding and abuse. Problems associated with the conditional nature of NHST and the failure to distinguish statistical hypotheses from substantive hypotheses are emphasized. Recommended solutions and alternatives are addressed in a companion article.     

读《儒行》札记

《儒行》同见于《礼记》和《孔子家语》,应出于孔门弟子所记,并经整理而成,其成书年代当在春秋战国之际。不过,《孔子家语.儒行解》与《礼记.儒行》相较,则更为原始。《儒行》对于理解孔子思想和原始儒学,是最为系统而完整的论述,理应得到学者的重视。     

What Does it Take to Break the Silence in Teams: Authentic Leadership and/or Proactive Followership?

Leadership may help break the silence in teams, but this may not be equally true for all employees. Using behavioral plasticity theory, we propose that authentic leadership—a set of leadership behaviors through which leaders enact their true selves—reduces silence and motivates speaking up in employees low on proactive personality, but hardly affects employees who are proactive by nature, because proactive employees are less susceptible to social influences. Using data from 223 employees (nested in 45 work teams), we indeed find authentic leadership to reduce silence in employees with less proactive personalities, but not in more proactive employees. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for silence and authentic leadership.     

毛泽东的“实践智慧”的辩证法——重读《实践论》《矛盾论》

毛泽东的《实践论》和《矛盾论》既是实践论的矛盾论,又是矛盾论的实践论。从理论性质上看,这两部著作都是实践论的认识论;从理论内容上看,这两部著作都是实践论的辩证法;从理论渊源上看,这两部著作都发挥了"辩证法也就是认识论"的基本思想;从现实意义上看,这两部著作都是指导实践的世界观和方法论。毛泽东的实践智慧的辩证法或辩证法的实践智慧使得"灰色"的理论变得熠熠生辉,使得"朴素"的现实变得厚重深沉。在实践智慧中,现实活化了理论,理论照亮了现实。《实践论》《矛盾论》的"实践智慧"开辟了马克思主义哲学中国化的正确道路。